1.背景 sysbench是一款压力测试工具，可以测试系统的硬件性能，也可以用来对数据库进行基准测试。sysbench 支持的测试有CPU运算性能测试、内存分配及传输速度测试、磁盘IO性能测试、
1.背景
sysbench是一款压力测试工具，可以测试系统的硬件性能，也可以用来对数据库进行基准测试。sysbench 支持的测试有CPU运算性能测试、内存分配及传输速度测试、磁盘IO性能测试、POSIX线程性能测试、互斥性测试测试、数据库性能测试(OLTP基准测试)。目前支持的数据库主要是MySQL数据库和PG数据库。
在新服务器上线时，建议对服务器的性能做一次测试，最好与既往的同类型的服务器的性能测试报表做一个横线比较，发现潜在问题。及新机器上线前，对服务器做一次体检。
对数据库而言，我们可以通过sysbench工具实现对数据库的基准测试。在现在的系统架构中，前端都比较容易弹性水平拓展，数据库相对较难，因此，基准测试对数据库具有很重要的作用。而对数据库的基准测试的作用，就是分析在当前的配置下（包括硬件配置、OS、数据库设置等），数据库的性能表现，从而找出MySQL的性能阈值，并根据实际系统的要求调整配置。
2.sysbench的安装
1）安装命令
yum -y install sysbench
2）查看安装的版本
sysbench –version
3）查看已安装软件的信息（主要是通 rpm 命令）。
查询sysbench的安装信息，主要是测试mysql时，需要使用sysbench自带的lua脚本进行测试。如果使用快速安装的方式，默认的脚本路径为：/usr/share/sysbench。
如果不在这个命令，我们我们执行以下命令查看，查找已安装在本机Linux系统上面的所有的sysbench软件的程序：
rpm -qa sysbench
列出该软件所有的文件与目录所在完整文件名（list）：
rpm -ql sysbench
3.sysbench 语法
sysbench –help
Usage:
sysbench [options]… [testname] [command]
Commands implemented by most tests: prepare run cleanup help
General options:
–threads=N number of threads to use [1]
–events=N limit for total number of events [0]
–time=N limit for total execution time in seconds [10]
–forced-shutdown=STRING number of seconds to wait after the –time limit before forcing shutdown, or ‘off’ to disable [off]
–thread-stack-size=SIZE size of stack per thread [64K]
–rate=N average transactions rate. 0 for unlimited rate [0]
–report-interval=N periodically report intermediate statistics with a specified interval in seconds. 0 disables intermediate reports [0]
–report-checkpoints=[LIST,…] dump full statistics and reset all counters at specified points in time. The argument is a list of comma-separated values representing the amount of time in seconds elapsed from start of test when report checkpoint(s) must be performed. Report checkpoints are off by default. []
–debug[=on|off] print more debugging info [off]
–validate[=on|off] perform validation checks where possible [off]
–help[=on|off] print help and exit [off]
–version[=on|off] print version and exit [off]
–config-file=FILENAME File containing command line options
–tx-rate=N deprecated alias for –rate [0]
–max-requests=N deprecated alias for –events [0]
–max-time=N deprecated alias for –time [0]
–num-threads=N deprecated alias for –threads [1]
Pseudo-Random Numbers Generator options:
–rand-type=STRING random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special]
–rand-spec-iter=N number of iterations used for numbers generation [12]
–rand-spec-pct=N percentage of values to be treated as ‘special’ (for special distribution) [1]
–rand-spec-res=N percentage of ‘special’ values to use (for special distribution) [75]
–rand-seed=N seed for random number generator. When 0, the current time is used as a RNG seed. [0]
–rand-pareto-h=N parameter h for pareto distribution [0.2]
Log options:
–verbosity=N verbosity level {5 – debug, 0 – only critical messages} [3]
–percentile=N percentile to calculate in latency statistics (1-100). Use the special value of 0 to disable percentile calculations [95]
–histogram[=on|off] print latency histogram in report [off]
General database options:
–db-driver=STRING specifies database driver to use (‘help’ to get list of available drivers) [mysql]
–db-ps-mode=STRING prepared statements usage mode {auto, disable} [auto]
–db-debug[=on|off] print database-specific debug information [off]
Compiled-in database drivers:
mysql – MySQL driver
pgsql – PostgreSQL driver
mysql options:
–mysql-host=[LIST,…] MySQL server host [localhost]
–mysql-port=[LIST,…] MySQL server port [3306]
–mysql-socket=[LIST,…] MySQL socket
–mysql-user=STRING MySQL user [sbtest]
–mysql-password=STRING MySQL password []
–mysql-db=STRING MySQL database name [sbtest]
–mysql-ssl[=on|off] use SSL connections, if available in the client library [off]
–mysql-ssl-cipher=STRING use specific cipher for SSL connections []
–mysql-compression[=on|off] use compression, if available in the client library [off]
–mysql-debug[=on|off] trace all client library calls [off]
–mysql-ignore-errors=[LIST,…] list of errors to ignore, or “all” [1213,1020,1205]
–mysql-dry-run[=on|off] Dry run, pretend that all MySQL client API calls are successful without executing them [off]
pgsql options:
–pgsql-host=STRING PostgreSQL server host [localhost]
–pgsql-port=N PostgreSQL server port [5432]
–pgsql-user=STRING PostgreSQL user [sbtest]
–pgsql-password=STRING PostgreSQL password []
–pgsql-db=STRING PostgreSQL database name [sbtest]
Compiled-in tests:
fileio – File I/O test
cpu – CPU performance test
memory – Memory functions speed test
threads – Threads subsystem performance test
mutex – Mutex performance test
基本语法如下：
sysbench [options]… [testname] [command]
command 是sysbench要执行的命令，包括prepare、run和cleanup。prepare是为测试提前准备数据，run是执行正式的测试，cleanup是在测试完成后对数据库进行清理
testname 指定了要进行的测试，在老版本的sysbench中，可以通过–test参数指定测试的脚本；而在新版本中，–test参数已经声明为废弃，可以不使用–test，而是直接指定脚本。测试时使用的脚本为lua脚本，可以使用sysbench自带脚本，也可以自己开发。
options 关于MySQL的主要包括MySQL 连接信息参数 和 MySQL 执行相关的参数。
4 测试
Step 1 准备压测数据
sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_insert.lua –mysql-host=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX –mysql-port=3306 –mysql-user=testsbuser –mysql-password=’textpwd’ –mysql-db=tssysbench –db-driver=mysql –tables=15 –table-size=500000 –report-interval=10 –threads=128 –time=120 prepare
step 2 压测
sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_insert.lua –mysql-host=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX –mysql-port=3306 –mysql-user=testsbuser –mysql-password=’textpwd’ –mysql-db=tssysbench –db-driver=mysql –tables=15 –table-size=500000 –report-interval=10 –threads=128 –time=120 run
也可以将测试结果导出到文件中，便于后续分析。
sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_insert.lua –mysql-host=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX –mysql-port=3306 –mysql-user=testsbuser –mysql-password=’testpwd’ –mysql-db=tssysbench –db-driver=mysql –tables=15 –table-size=500000 –report-interval=10 –threads=128 –time=120 run >> ./mysysbench.log
step 3 清理压测数据
sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_insert.lua –mysql-host=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX –mysql-port=3306 –mysql-user=testsbuser –mysql-password=’testpwd’ –mysql-db=tssysbench –db-driver=mysql –tables=15 –table-size=500000 –report-interval=10 –threads=128 –time=120 cleanup
5.注意事项
(1) 测试数据库需要提前创建，及时测试账号拥有创建数据库的权限。
–mysql-db 参数指定了测试的数据，默认是sbtest。
不提前创建，报错信息如下;
FATAL: `sysbench.cmdline.call_command’ function failed: /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua:83: connection creation failed
(last message repeated 3 times)
FATAL: error 1049: Unknown database ‘sysbench_db’
FATAL: `sysbench.cmdline.call_command’ function failed: /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua:83: connection creation failed
FATAL: unable to connect to MySQL server on host ‘XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX’, port 3306, aborting…
(last message repeated 1 times)
FATAL: error 1049: Unknown database ‘sysbench_db’
(last message repeated 1 times)
或是（不指定数据库）
FATAL: `sysbench.cmdline.call_command’ function failed: /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua:83: connection creation failed
FATAL: error 1049: Unknown database ‘sbtest’
FATAL: unable to connect to MySQL server on host ‘XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX’, port 3306, aborting…
（2）不要在MySQL服务器运行的机器上进行测试，一方面可能无法体现网络（哪怕是局域网）的影响，另一方面，sysbench的运行（尤其是设置的并发数较高时）会影响MySQL服务器的表现.
（3）逐步增加客户端的并发连接数（–thread参数），观察在连接数不同情况下，MySQL服务器的表现。
（4）如果连续进行多次测试，注意确保之前测试的数据已经被清理干净。
（5）如果生成的报告，图形化分析，可以通过gnuplot工具进行分析。
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的通过sysbench工具实现MySQL数据库的性能测试的方法,希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对每日运维网站的支持！
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