Kubernetes Dashboard 设置用户密码登陆

k8s默认dashboard使用的是token认证，比较麻烦不方便记忆。我们可以配置一个用户密码用于登陆k8s dashboard界面
Kubernetes Dashboard 设置用户密码登陆
2021年1月24日

仪表板是基于Web的Kubernetes用户界面。您可以使用仪表板将容器化应用程序部署到Kubernetes集群，对容器化应用程序进行故障排除，并管理集群本身及其伴随资源。您可以使用仪表板来概述群集上运行的应用程序，以及创建或修改单个Kubernetes资源（例如部署，作业，守护进程等）。例如，您可以使用部署向导扩展部署，启动滚动更新，重新启动Pod或部署新应用程序。

本次文档测试版本1.15，目前从v1.11-v1.20版本都可以进行使用，二进制安装参考我这个就可以，kubeadm请参考下面的配置

默认Kubernetes UI界面是使用token登陆，但是由于token相比较麻烦。我们这里使用密码登陆

适用于以下环境

Dashboard搭建

创建命名空间

[root@k8s-01 dashboard]# kubectl create ns kubernetes-dashboard

创建Dashboard rbac文件

[root@k8s-01 dashboard]# kubectl apply -f http://down.i4t.com/rbac-dashboard.yaml
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin created
serviceaccount/admin created

创建dashboard

[root@k8s-01 dashboard]# kubectl apply -f http://down.i4t.com/dashboard-k8s.yaml

查看pod和svc

[root@k8s-01 dashboard]# kubectl get pod,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard 
NAME                                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-78f5d9f487-xs9hj   1/1     Running   0          25s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-54445cdd96-9qbxt        1/1     Running   0          25s

NAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.102.198.67            8000/TCP        25s
service/kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.110.102.186           443:30000/TCP   26s

查看secret

[root@k8s-01 dashboard]# kubectl -n kube-system get secret|grep admin-token
admin-token-ftpp5                                kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      16m

获取token

[root@k8s-01 dashboard]#  kubectl -n kube-system get secret admin-token-ftpp5 -o jsonpath={.data.token}|base64 -d
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ikp4OS1oTzdRWW5ZOV9ianlma3ZhUkJfTndQclhQOWRrNEdSc19KM09NM00ifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi10b2tlbi1mdHBwNSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6ImMzYWVlMmQ1LTcwYzEtNGZiYi04ODE0LTc3MjllMmNhY2UwOSIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDprdWJlLXN5c3RlbTphZG1pbiJ9.XvNLLc8MXYcEW8yzW9aKyqUFEMf3vuvhbML4Fk_34RuD8980ZRRoqgEjW4usWEMvh7ftdxKo4fnz6tJjAfF0WgAF7E8VnS2Cyt_nC6irjQbd61rmdf42qPtSCrgwlhLfCjpse9N_iEvPhXp_1J-sN0aSi3lsjr4qSHhLzNZphwW6LvWO0EGVoubQyfEjKvIWaXTtqS1xxVkl-NcAqX1HIlUJqErLyAnwimQVqu-xb5K--mkCsHlMbyFV4lXtFDM5akctd92w-wnIh_uLoo1srzD-j8CvVmF0u2046mBI-d47-hVMrBy-eU_qi_gP5_TPafoJUy4u6icSjBzL5JzpgQ

访问测试

接下来进行修改账号密码登录

一、二进制Kubernetes搭建修改

1.首先确保K8S集群内部一切正常

[root@i4t ~]# kubectl get node
NAME                   STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
yzsjhl82-138.opi.com   Ready       22h   v1.13.5
yzsjhl82-139.opi.com   Ready       22h   v1.13.5
yzsjhl82-140.opi.com   Ready       22h   v1.13.5
yzsjhl82-142.opi.com   Ready       22h   v1.13.5

[root@i4t ~]# kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
default       busybox                       1/1     Running   23         22h
kube-system   coredns-d7964c8db-2t8wl       1/1     Running   1          22h
kube-system   coredns-d7964c8db-sbztp       1/1     Running   1          22h
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-cv5hx   1/1     Running   2          22h
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-f2f7x   1/1     Running   2          22h
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-vmm74   1/1     Running   2          22h
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-zgfmq   1/1     Running   1          22h

2.配置首先需要说明一点，默认kubernetes Dashboard是需要token登陆。不方便登记，我们可以让dashboard使用用户密码验证登陆

需要注意几点

[一] 在master上节点上创建文件（用户密码文件）

cat /etc/kubernetes/basic_auth_file
admin,admin,1
cyh,cyh,2

#前面为用户，后面为密码，数字为用户ID不可重复，经过测试账号密码要相同

[二] 在所有master的apiserver启动文件添加一行配置

vim /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service

--basic-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/basic_auth_file 
#启动路径可能不一样，请安装实际情况进行修改
#添加完毕后重启api-server

这里需要说明，以上操作在所有master上执行,在所有节点操作是为了防止有pod飘到非master节点，当然也可以做pod亲和力

[三]创建yaml文件

wget http://down.i4t.com/k8s-passwd-dashboard.yaml| kubectl apply -f k8s-passwd-dashboard.yaml

#创建绑定，将用户和权限绑定
kubectl create clusterrolebinding  login-on-dashboard-with-cluster-admin  --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=admin

为了防止地址失效，我这里在手动cp一份

# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard2-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["create"]
  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard2-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  verbs: ["create"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
  verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard2-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
  verbs: ["get", "update"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster"]
  verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services/proxy"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
  verbs: ["get"]

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8443
          protocol: TCP
        args:
          - --auto-generate-certificates
          - --authentication-mode=basic
          # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
          # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
          # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
          # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
        volumeMounts:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          mountPath: /certs
          # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-volume
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            scheme: HTTPS
            path: /
            port: 8443
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        secret:
          secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
      - name: tmp-volume
        emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        effect: NoSchedule

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30000
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

我们可以用过下面命令进行检查kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-system
这里要说一点，我这里的镜像使用的是v1.8.3如果觉得版本低可以更高版本的。
访问dashboard界面
由于没有ingress，使用的是IP访问。所以会提示我们证书不安全，我们这里点击忽略直接访问。个别浏览器会造成打不开的，建议使用火狐
访问地址：https://master-IP:30000

在任意一台master上访问即可

这里需要我们输入api-server指定的文件里面的账号密码

跳过是没有权限查看k8s里面所有的信息

二、Kubeadm 环境配置

在所有的master节点配置用户名密码

echo "admin,admin,1" > /etc/kubernetes/pki/basic_auth_file

修改所有apiserver

vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml

#添加下面参数  (spec.containers.command下添加)
    - --basic-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/basic_auth_file
#注意格式

修改完毕后api server会自动重启，等待重启成功我们访问dashboard即可

[root@k8s-01 dashboard]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system |grep apiserver
kube-apiserver-k8s-01            1/1     Running   0          24s
kube-apiserver-k8s-02            1/1     Running   0          44s
kube-apiserver-k8s-03            1/1     Running   0          50s

apiserver重启完毕后，添加dashboard Deployment配置

          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            - --token-ttl=21600 #新增行 单位秒
            - --authentication-mode=basic #新增行

也可以使用我提供的yaml，直接创建

kubectl apply -f http://down.i4t.com/dashboard-login.yaml

创建集群admin角色绑定 （否则无法登陆Dashboard）

kubectl create clusterrolebinding login-on-dashboard-with-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=admin

查看绑定

[root@k8s-01 dashboard]# kubectl get clusterrolebinding login-on-dashboard-with-cluster-admin
NAME                                    ROLE                        AGE
login-on-dashboard-with-cluster-admin   ClusterRole/cluster-admin   2m23s

创建

[root@k8s-01 dashboard]# kubectl apply -f k8s-dashboard.yaml 
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
service/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs unchanged
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf configured
Warning: kubectl apply should be used on resource created by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder configured
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings unchanged
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard configured
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper unchanged
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper unchanged

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