搭建分布式文件系统FastDFS集群

2023年 5月 4日 78.1k 0

FastDFS是为互联网应用量身定做的一套分布式文件存储系统,非常适合用来存储用户图片、视频、文档等文件。对于互联网应用,和其他分布式文件系统相比,优势非常明显。出于简洁考虑,FastDFS没有对文件做分块存储,因此不太适合分布式计算场景。
在生产环境中往往数据存储量比较大,因此会大部分会选择分布式存储来解决,主要解决以下几个问题

  • 海量数据存储
  • 数据高可用(冗余备份)
  • 较高读写性能和负载均衡
  • 支持多平台多语言
  • 高并发问题
  • 常见分布式存储对比
    image_1ebvdh20b1guo13gibct1bkcl5k9.png-343.2kB

    FastDFS 相关组件及原理

    FastDFS介绍
    FastDFS是一个C语言实现的开源轻量级分布式文件系统,支持Linux、FreeBSD、AID等Linux系统,解决了大量数据存储和读写负载等问题,适合存储4KB~500MB之间的小文件,如图片网站,短视频网站,文档,APP下载站等,UC,京东,支付宝,迅雷,酷狗等都有使用,其中UC基于FastDFS向用户提供网盘,广告和应用下载的业务。FastDFS与MogileFS、HDFS、TFS等都不是系统级的分布式文件系统,而是应用级的分布式文件存储服务
    FastDFS架构
    FastDFS服务有三个角色: 跟踪服务(tracker server)、存储服务(storage server)和客户端(client)
    tracker server: 跟踪服务,主要做调度工作,起到均衡的作用;负责管理所有的storage server和group,每个storage在启动后会连接Tracker,告知自己所属group等信息,并保持周期性心跳,tracker根据storage心跳信息,建立group --> [storage server list]的映射表;tracker管理的元数据很少,会直接存放在内存;tracker上的元信息都是由storage汇报的信息生成的,本身不需要持久化任何数据,tracker之间是对等关系,因此扩展tracker访问非常容器,之间增加tracker访问即可,所有tracker都接受storage心跳信息,生成元数据信息来提供读写访问(与其他master-slave架构的优势是没有单点,tracker也不会成为瓶颈,最终数据是和一个可用的storage server进行传输)
    storage server: 存储服务器,主要提供容量和备份访问;以group为单位,每个group内可以包含多个storage server,数据互为备份,存储容量空间以group内容量最小的storage为准;建议group内的storage server配置相同;以group为单位组织存储能够方便的进行引用隔离、负载均衡和副本数定制;
    缺点: group的容量受单机存储容量的限制,同时group内机器坏掉,数据恢复只能依赖group内其他机器重新同步(硬盘替换,重新挂载重启fdfs_storaged即可)
    group存储策略

  • round robin (轮训)
  • load balance (选择最大剩余空间的组上传文件)
  • specify group (指定group上传)
  • group中storage存储依赖本地文件系统,storage可配置多个数据存储目录,磁盘不做raid,直接分别挂在到多个目录,将这些目录配置为storage的数据目录即可
    storage接受写请求时,会根据配置好的规则,选择其中一个存储目录来存储文件;为避免单个目录下文件过多,storage第一次启动,会在每个数据存储目录里创建2级子目录,每级256个,总共65536个,新写的文件会以hash的方式被路由到其中某个子目录下,然后将文件数据直接作为一个本地文件存储到该目录中
    image_1ebvil7hskr11tv1l9m1j7p1agjm.png-159.4kB

    FastDFS工作流程

    上传
    image_1ebviv30o1v5p16geisa18gsp6f13.png-152.5kB
    FastDFS提供基本的文件访问接口,如upload、download、append、delete等
    选择tracker server
    集群中tracker之间是对等关系,客户端在上传文件时可用任意选择一个tracker
    选择存储group
    当tracker接受到upload file的请求时,会为该文件分配一个可以存储的group,目前支持选择group的规则为
    1.Round Robin (所有group轮训使用)
    2.Specified group (指定某个确定的group)
    3.Load balance (剩余存储空间较多的group优先)
    选择storage server
    当选定group后,tracker会在group内选择一个storage server给客户端,目前支持选择server的规则为
    1.Round Robin (所有server轮训使用)默认规则
    2.根据IP地质进行排序选择第一个服务器 (IP地址最小者)
    3.根据优先级进行排序 (上传优先级由storage server来设置,参数为upload_priority)
    选择storage path (磁盘或者挂载点)
    当分配好storage server后,客户端将向storage发送写文件请求,storage会将文件分配一个数据存储目录,目前支持选择存储路径的规则为:
    1.round robin (轮训)默认
    2.load balance 选择使用剩余空间最大的存储路径
    选择下载服务器
    目前支持的规则为
    1.轮训方式,可以下载当前文件的任一storage server
    2.从源storage server下载
    生成file_id
    选择存储目录后,storage会生成一个file_id,采用Base64编码,包含字段包括: storage server ip、文件创建时间、文件大小、文件CRC32校验码和随机数;每个存储目录下有两个256*256个子目录,storage会按文件file_id进行两次hash,路由到其中一个子目录,然后将文件file_id为文件名存储在该子目录下,最后生成文件路径: group名称、虚拟磁盘路径、数据两级目录、file_id

    group1 /M00/02/44/wkgDRe348wAAAAGKYJK42378.sh
    

    其中,组名: 上传文件后所在的存储组的名称,在文件上传成功后由存储服务器返回,需要客户端自行保存
    虚拟磁盘路径: 存储服务器配置的虚拟路径,与磁盘选项store_path*参数对应
    数据两级目录: 存储服务器在每个虚拟磁盘路径下创建的两级目录,用于存储数据文件

    同步机制

    1.新增tracker服务器数据同步
    由于storage server上配置了所有的tracker server,storage server和tracker server之间的通信是由storage server主动发起的,storage server为每台tracker server 启动一个线程进行通信;在通信过程中,若发现tracker server返回的本组storage server列表比本机记录少,就会将该tracker server上没有的storage server同步给该tracker,这样的机制使得tracker之间是对等的关系,数据保持一致
    2.组内新增storage数据同步
    若新增storage server或者其状态发生变化,tracker server都会将storage server列表同步给该组内所有storage server;以新增storage server为例,新加入storage server会主动连接tracker server,tracker server发现有新的storage server加入,就会将该组内所有的storage server返回给新加入的storage server,并重新将该组的storage server列表返回给该组内的其他storage server
    3.组内storage数据同步
    组内storage server之间是对等的,文件上传,删除等操作可以在组内任意一台storage server上进行。文件同步只能在同组内的storage server之间进行,采用push方式,即源服务器同步到目标服务器
    A. 只在同组内的storage server之间同步
    B. 源数据才需要同步,备份数据不再同步
    C. 特例: 新增storage server时,由其中一台将已有的所有数据(包括源数据和备份数据)同步到新增服务器
    storage server 7种状态
    通过命令fdfs_monitor /etc/fdfs/client.conf可以查看ip_addr选项显示storage server当前状态

    INIT       初始化,尚未得到同步已有数据的源服务器
    WAIT_SYNC  等待同步,已得到同步已有数据的源服务器
    SYNCING    同步中
    DELETE     已删除,该服务器从本组中摘除
    OFFLINE    离线
    ONLINE     在线,尚不能提供服务
    ACTIVE     在线,可以提供服务
    

    组内增加storage server A状态变化过程:
    1.storage server A主动连接tracker server,此时tracker server将storage serverA状态设置为INIT
    2.storage server A向tracker server询问追加同步的源服务器和追加同步截止时间点(当前时间),若组内只有storage server A或者上传文件数为0,则告诉新主机不需要同步数据,storage serverA状态为ONLINE;若组内没有active状态及其,就返回错误给新机器,新机器重新尝试;否则tracker将其状态设置为WAIT_SYNC
    3.假如分配了storage server B为同步源服务器和截止时间点,那么storage serverB将会截止时间点之前的所有数据同步给storage server A,并请求tracker设置storage server A状态为SYNCING;到了截止时间后,storage server B向storage server A的同步将由追加同步切换为正常binlog增量同步,当获取不到更多binlog时,请求tracker将storage server A同步完所有数据,暂时没有数据要同步时,storage server B请求tracker server将storage server A的状态设置为ONLINE
    4.storage server B向storage server A同步完所有数据,暂时没有数据要同步时,storage server B请求tracker server将 storage server A的状态设置为ONLINE
    5.当storage server A向tracker server发起心跳时,tracker server将其状态更改为ACTIVE,之后就是增量同步(binlog)
    image_1ec2fv4og23cn1j1m58pvr12rk1g.png-155.3kB
    注: 整个源同步班过程是源机器启动弄一个同步线程,将数据Push到新机器,最大达到一个磁盘的IO,不能并发;由于源同步截止条件是获取不到binlog,系统繁忙,不断有新数据写入的情况,将会导致一直无法完成源同步

    下载

    image_1ec2g5nompfd7e815vq1u0a1g491t.png-133.2kB
    client发送下载请求给某个tracker,必须带上文件名信息,tracker从文件名中解析出文件的group、大小、创建时间等信息,然后为该请求选择一个storage用于读请求;由于group内的文件同步是异步进行,可能出现文件没有同步到其他storage server上或者延迟的问题,可以使用nginx_fastdfs_module模块解决
    image_1ec2gftjjh28idtrvv1reqd792a.png-187.2kB
    关于文件去重
    由于FastDFS本身不能对重复上传的文件进行去重,而FastDHT可以做到去重。FastDHT是一个高性能的分布式哈希系统,它是基于键值对存储的,而且它需要依赖于Berkeley DB作为数据存储的媒介,同时需要依赖于libfastcommon
    由于业务需要,目前不存在文件去重的时候,如果需要可以自己简单了解一下FastDHT
    FastDFS-Nginx扩展模块源码分析

    安装FastDFS集群

    本次环境架构
    image_1ec84b7b91s9hrhr1gdk1m0o1pg79.png-68.1kB
    针对tracker.conf && storage.conf && mod_fastdfs.conf有一篇单独的文章介绍相关参数。有兴趣的可以看一下,也可以直接看默认的配置文件,对每个参数都有介绍

    FastDFS 配置文件详解

    新闻联播老司机

  • 20年7月3日
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  • 环境说明

    #nginx这里可以部署2台,加上keepliveed作高可用,由于我这里机器不足,就使用单台nginx进行代理
    nginx  192.168.31.100 nginx
    
    
    tracker 节点
    tracker 01:192.168.31.101  FastDFS,libfastcommon,nginx,ngx_cache_purge
    tracker 02:192.168.31.102  FastDFS,libfastcommon,nginx,ngx_cache_purge
    #其中tracker不提供存储
    
    
    Storage 节点
    [group1]
    storage 01:192.168.31.103  FastDFS,libfastcommon,nginx,fastdfs-nginx-module
    storage 02:192.168.31.104  FastDFS,libfastcommon,nginx,fastdfs-nginx-module
    
    [group2]
    storage 03:192.168.31.105  FastDFS,libfastcommon,nginx,fastdfs-nginx-module
    storage 04:192.168.31.106  FastDFS,libfastcommon,nginx,fastdfs-nginx-module
    

    1.所有的服务器都需要安装nginx,主要是用于访问和上传无关;
    2.tracker安装nginx主要为了提供http反向代理、负载均衡以及缓存服务
    3.每一台storage服务器部署Nginx及FastDFS扩展模块,主要用于对storage存储的文件提供http下载访问,仅当前storage节点找不到文件时会向源storage主机发送rediect或者proxy动作
    所有节点安装
    关闭防火墙,selinux

    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
    iptables -F && iptables -X && iptables -F -t nat && iptables -X -t nat
    iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
    setenforce 0
    sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
    

    设置yum源

    yum install -y wget
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
    
    yum clean all 
    yum makecache
    

    温馨提示:除了nginx节点(192.168.31.100),其他节点都需要执行安装fastdfs和nginx
    安装依赖包 (可解决99%的依赖问题)

    yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf libtool-ltdl-devel gd-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssh-clients openssl-devel curl-devel bison patch libmcrypt-devel libmhash-devel ncurses-devel binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel libgcj libtiff pam-devel libicu libicu-devel gettext-devel libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel numactl-devel glibc-headers sudo bzip2 mlocate flex lrzsz sysstat lsof setuptool system-config-network-tui system-config-firewall-tui ntsysv ntp pv lz4 dos2unix unix2dos rsync dstat iotop innotop mytop telnet iftop expect cmake nc gnuplot screen xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xinit rdate bc expat-devel compat-expat1 tcpdump sysstat man nmap curl lrzsz elinks finger bind-utils traceroute mtr ntpdate zip unzip vim wget net-tools
    

    下载依赖包 (除了nginx节点,其他节点都要安装)

    mkdir /root/tools/
    cd /root/tools
    wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
    wget https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon/archive/V1.0.43.tar.gz
    wget https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs/archive/V6.06.tar.gz
    wget https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs-nginx-module/archive/V1.22.tar.gz
    
    
    #为了保证文章可用性,本次软件包已经进行备份,下载地址如下
    mkdir /root/tools/
    cd /root/tools
    wget http://down.i4t.com/fdfs/v6.6/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
    wget http://down.i4t.com/fdfs/v6.6/V1.0.43.tar.gz
    wget http://down.i4t.com/fdfs/v6.6/V6.06.tar.gz
    wget http://down.i4t.com/fdfs/v6.6/V1.22.tar.gz
    
    
    
    #解压
    cd /root/tools
    tar xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz 
    tar xf V1.0.43.tar.gz 
    tar xf V1.22.tar.gz 
    tar xf V6.06.tar.gz 
    

    安装libfastcommon (除了nginx节点,其他节点都要安装)

    cd /root/tools/libfastcommon-1.0.43
    ./make.sh 
    ./make.sh install
    

    安装FastDFS (除了nginx节点,其他节点都要安装)

    cd /root/tools/fastdfs-6.06/
    ./make.sh 
    ./make.sh install
    

    拷贝配置文件 (tracker01 02节点)

    [root@tracker01 fastdfs-6.06]# cp /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf.sample /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf     #tracker节点
    [root@01 fastdfs-6.06]# cp /etc/fdfs/client.conf.sample /etc/fdfs/client.conf      #客户端文件(测试使用)
    [root@01 fastdfs-6.06]# cp /root/tools/fastdfs-6.06/conf/http.conf /etc/fdfs/      #nginx配置文件
    [root@01 fastdfs-6.06]# cp /root/tools/fastdfs-6.06/conf/mime.types /etc/fdfs/     #nginx配置文件
    

    配置tracker 01节点
    这里可以先配置一台节点,没有问题在启动另外的节点
    创建tracker数据存储及日志目录 (需要在tracker节点执行)

    mkdir /data/tracker/ -p 
    

    修改配置文件 (tracker 01节点执行)

    cat >/etc/fdfs/tracker.conf <<EOF
    disabled = false
    bind_addr =
    port = 22122
    connect_timeout = 5
    network_timeout = 60
    base_path = /data/tracker
    max_connections = 1024
    accept_threads = 1
    work_threads = 4
    min_buff_size = 8KB
    max_buff_size = 128KB
    store_lookup = 0
    store_server = 0
    store_path = 0
    download_server = 0
    reserved_storage_space = 20%
    log_level = info
    run_by_group=
    run_by_user =
    allow_hosts = *
    sync_log_buff_interval = 1
    check_active_interval = 120
    thread_stack_size = 256KB
    storage_ip_changed_auto_adjust = true
    storage_sync_file_max_delay = 86400
    storage_sync_file_max_time = 300
    use_trunk_file = false 
    slot_min_size = 256
    slot_max_size = 1MB
    trunk_alloc_alignment_size = 256
    trunk_free_space_merge = true
    delete_unused_trunk_files = false
    trunk_file_size = 64MB
    trunk_create_file_advance = false
    trunk_create_file_time_base = 02:00
    trunk_create_file_interval = 86400
    trunk_create_file_space_threshold = 20G
    trunk_init_check_occupying = false
    trunk_init_reload_from_binlog = false
    trunk_compress_binlog_min_interval = 86400
    trunk_compress_binlog_interval = 86400
    trunk_compress_binlog_time_base = 03:00
    trunk_binlog_max_backups = 7
    use_storage_id = false
    storage_ids_filename = storage_ids.conf
    id_type_in_filename = id
    store_slave_file_use_link = false
    rotate_error_log = false
    error_log_rotate_time = 00:00
    compress_old_error_log = false
    compress_error_log_days_before = 7
    rotate_error_log_size = 0
    log_file_keep_days = 0
    use_connection_pool = true
    connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
    http.server_port = 8080
    http.check_alive_interval = 30
    http.check_alive_type = tcp
    http.check_alive_uri = /status.html
    EOF
    

    启动tracker

    [root@01 fastdfs-6.06]# /usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf start
    

    配置tracker02节点
    拷贝配置文件

    scp -r /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf root@192.168.31.102:/etc/fdfs/
    ssh root@192.168.31.102 mkdir /data/tracker/ -p 
    

    tracker02启动tracker

    [root@02 fastdfs-6.06]# /usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf start
    

    检查启动状态

    netstat -lntup|grep 22122
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22122           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      108126/fdfs_tracker
    

    如果启动失败可以查看tracker报错

    tail -f /data/tracker/logs/trackerd.log
    

    接下来编辑启动脚本

    cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/tracker.service <<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=The FastDFS File server
    After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
    
    [Service]
    Type=forking
    ExecStart=/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf start
    ExecStop=/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf stop
    ExecRestart=/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf restart
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    
    $ systemctl daemon-reload
    $ systemctl start tracker
    $ systemctl enable tracker
    $ systemctl status tracker
    
    #需要先手动kill 掉tracker
    

    storage 01-02节点配置
    storage01节点和02节点配置相同,storage03和storage04配置相同
    storage01和storage02节点属于group1组
    创建storage 数据存储目录

    mkdir /data/fastdfs_data -p
    

    修改配置文件

    cat >/etc/fdfs/storage.conf<<EOF
    disabled = false
    group_name = group1
    bind_addr =
    client_bind = true
    port = 23000
    connect_timeout = 5
    network_timeout = 60
    heart_beat_interval = 30
    stat_report_interval = 60
    base_path = /data/fastdfs_data
    max_connections = 1024
    buff_size = 256KB
    accept_threads = 1
    work_threads = 4
    disk_rw_separated = true
    disk_reader_threads = 1
    disk_writer_threads = 1
    sync_wait_msec = 50
    sync_interval = 0
    sync_start_time = 00:00
    sync_end_time = 23:59
    write_mark_file_freq = 500
    disk_recovery_threads = 3
    store_path_count = 1
    store_path0 = /data/fastdfs_data
    subdir_count_per_path = 256
    tracker_server = 192.168.31.101:22122
    tracker_server = 192.168.31.102:22122
    log_level = info
    run_by_group =
    run_by_user =
    allow_hosts = *
    file_distribute_path_mode = 0
    file_distribute_rotate_count = 100
    fsync_after_written_bytes = 0
    sync_log_buff_interval = 1
    sync_binlog_buff_interval = 1
    sync_stat_file_interval = 300
    thread_stack_size = 512KB
    upload_priority = 10
    if_alias_prefix =
    check_file_duplicate = 0
    file_signature_method = hash
    key_namespace = FastDFS
    keep_alive = 0
    use_access_log = false
    rotate_access_log = false
    access_log_rotate_time = 00:00
    compress_old_access_log = false
    compress_access_log_days_before = 7
    rotate_error_log = false
    error_log_rotate_time = 00:00
    compress_old_error_log = false
    compress_error_log_days_before = 7
    rotate_access_log_size = 0
    rotate_error_log_size = 0
    log_file_keep_days = 0
    file_sync_skip_invalid_record = false
    use_connection_pool = true
    connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
    compress_binlog = true
    compress_binlog_time = 01:30
    check_store_path_mark = true
    http.domain_name =
    http.server_port = 80
    EOF
    
    #注意: 需要修改tracker_server地址,多个节点多复制几行,一个节点写一行就可以。 不建议单节点使用localhost
    

    配置启动文件

    cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/storage.service <<EOF
    
    [Unit]
    Description=The FastDFS File server
    After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
    
    [Service]
    Type=forking
    ExecStart=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf start
    ExecStop=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf stop
    ExecRestart=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf restart
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start storage
    systemctl status storage
    systemctl enable storage
    

    检查启动状态

    netstat -lntup|grep 23000
    

    如果出现启动失败,可以到设置的目录查看一下log

    tail -f /data/fastdfs_data/logs/storaged.log
    

    storage 02-03节点配置
    storage03和storage04节点属于group2组
    基本流程不变这里只说明需要修改的地方
    在storage03-storage-04节点同步执行

    创建storage 数据存储目录
    mkdir /data/fastdfs_data -p
    
    修改配置文件
    cat >/etc/fdfs/storage.conf<<EOF
    disabled = false
    group_name = group2
    bind_addr =
    client_bind = true
    port = 23000
    connect_timeout = 5
    network_timeout = 60
    heart_beat_interval = 30
    stat_report_interval = 60
    base_path = /data/fastdfs_data
    max_connections = 1024
    buff_size = 256KB
    accept_threads = 1
    work_threads = 4
    disk_rw_separated = true
    disk_reader_threads = 1
    disk_writer_threads = 1
    sync_wait_msec = 50
    sync_interval = 0
    sync_start_time = 00:00
    sync_end_time = 23:59
    write_mark_file_freq = 500
    disk_recovery_threads = 3
    store_path_count = 1
    store_path0 = /data/fastdfs_data
    subdir_count_per_path = 256
    tracker_server = 192.168.31.101:22122
    tracker_server = 192.168.31.102:22122
    log_level = info
    run_by_group =
    run_by_user =
    allow_hosts = *
    file_distribute_path_mode = 0
    file_distribute_rotate_count = 100
    fsync_after_written_bytes = 0
    sync_log_buff_interval = 1
    sync_binlog_buff_interval = 1
    sync_stat_file_interval = 300
    thread_stack_size = 512KB
    upload_priority = 10
    if_alias_prefix =
    check_file_duplicate = 0
    file_signature_method = hash
    key_namespace = FastDFS
    keep_alive = 0
    use_access_log = false
    rotate_access_log = false
    access_log_rotate_time = 00:00
    compress_old_access_log = false
    compress_access_log_days_before = 7
    rotate_error_log = false
    error_log_rotate_time = 00:00
    compress_old_error_log = false
    compress_error_log_days_before = 7
    rotate_access_log_size = 0
    rotate_error_log_size = 0
    log_file_keep_days = 0
    file_sync_skip_invalid_record = false
    use_connection_pool = true
    connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
    compress_binlog = true
    compress_binlog_time = 01:30
    check_store_path_mark = true
    http.domain_name =
    http.server_port = 80
    EOF
    
    
    #配置启动文件
    cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/storage.service <<EOF
    
    [Unit]
    Description=The FastDFS File server
    After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
    
    [Service]
    Type=forking
    ExecStart=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf start
    ExecStop=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf stop
    ExecRestart=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf restart
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start storage
    systemctl status storage
    systemctl enable storage
    
    
    #检查启动状态
    netstat -lntup|grep 23000
    

    如果出现systemctl启动失败,可以使用命令启动,在根据日志进行查看。 大概启动时间为10s

    #storage启动、停止、重启命令
    /usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf start
    /usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf stop
    /usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf restart
    

    所有节点storage启动完毕后进行检查,是否可以获取到集群信息 (刚创建的集群比较慢,稍等一会。需要等待状态为ACTIVE即可)

    #在任意节点storage节点执行命令都可以,获取结果应该如下
    [root@storage01 fdfs]#  fdfs_monitor /etc/fdfs/storage.conf list
    
    [2020-07-03 01:15:25] DEBUG - base_path=/data/fastdfs_data, connect_timeout=5, network_timeout=60, tracker_server_count=2, anti_steal_token=0, anti_steal_secret_key length=0, use_connection_pool=1, g_connection_pool_max_idle_time=3600s, use_storage_id=0, storage server id count: 0
    
    server_count=2, server_index=1   
    
    tracker server is 192.168.31.102:22122     #tracker server处理本次命令的节点
    
    group count: 2                            #group组数量
    
    Group 1:                                   #group1组信息
    group name = group1
    disk total space = 17,394 MB
    disk free space = 13,758 MB
    trunk free space = 0 MB
    storage server count = 2
    active server count = 2
    storage server port = 23000
    storage HTTP port = 80
    store path count = 1
    subdir count per path = 256
    current write server index = 0
    current trunk file id = 0
    
        Storage 1:                                   #storage1节点信息
            id = 192.168.31.103
            ip_addr = 192.168.31.103  ACTIVE         #storage节点状态
            http domain = 
            version = 6.06                           #fdfs 版本
            join time = 2020-07-03 01:08:29          #加入集群时间
            up time = 2020-07-03 01:08:29
            total storage = 17,394 MB
            free storage = 14,098 MB
            upload priority = 10
            store_path_count = 1
            subdir_count_per_path = 256
            storage_port = 23000
            storage_http_port = 80
            current_write_path = 0
            source storage id = 192.168.31.104
            if_trunk_server = 0
            connection.alloc_count = 256
            connection.current_count = 1
            ...............省略号............................
            last_heart_beat_time = 2020-07-03 01:15:18
            last_source_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
            last_sync_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
            last_synced_timestamp = 1970-01-01 08:00:00 
        Storage 2:                                   #storage2节点信息
            id = 192.168.31.104                      #storage 节点IP
            ip_addr = 192.168.31.104  ACTIVE         #storage 节点状态
            http domain = 
            version = 6.06                          #storage 节点版本
            join time = 2020-07-03 01:08:26         #加入时间
            up time = 2020-07-03 01:08:26
            total storage = 17,394 MB
            free storage = 13,758 MB
            upload priority = 10
            store_path_count = 1
            ...............省略号............................
            last_heart_beat_time = 2020-07-03 01:15:17
            last_source_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
            last_sync_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
            last_synced_timestamp = 1970-01-01 08:00:00 
    
    Group 2:                                         #group2集群信息
    group name = group2
    disk total space = 17,394 MB
    disk free space = 15,538 MB
    trunk free space = 0 MB
    storage server count = 2
    active server count = 2
    storage server port = 23000
    storage HTTP port = 80
    store path count = 1
    subdir count per path = 256
    current write server index = 0
    current trunk file id = 0
    
        Storage 1:                                     #storage1节点信息
            id = 192.168.31.105
            ip_addr = 192.168.31.105  ACTIVE
            http domain = 
            version = 6.06
            join time = 2020-07-03 01:13:42
            up time = 2020-07-03 01:13:42
            total storage = 17,394 MB
            free storage = 15,538 MB
            upload priority = 10
            store_path_count = 1
            subdir_count_per_path = 256
            storage_port = 23000                   #storage端口
            storage_http_port = 80
            current_write_path = 0
            source storage id = 
            if_trunk_server = 0
            connection.alloc_count = 256
            connection.current_count = 1
            ...............省略号............................
            last_heart_beat_time = 2020-07-03 01:15:22
            last_source_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
            last_sync_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
            last_synced_timestamp = 1970-01-01 08:00:00 
        Storage 2:
            id = 192.168.31.106
            ip_addr = 192.168.31.106  ACTIVE
            http domain = 
            version = 6.06
            join time = 2020-07-03 01:14:05
            up time = 2020-07-03 01:14:05
            total storage = 17,394 MB
            free storage = 15,538 MB
            upload priority = 10
            store_path_count = 1
            subdir_count_per_path = 256
            storage_port = 23000
            storage_http_port = 80
            current_write_path = 0
            source storage id = 192.168.31.105
            if_trunk_server = 0
            connection.alloc_count = 256
            connection.current_count = 1
            connection.max_count = 1
            total_upload_count = 0
            ...............省略号............................
            total_file_write_count = 0
            success_file_write_count = 0
            last_heart_beat_time = 2020-07-03 01:15:10
            last_source_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
            last_sync_update = 1970-01-01 08:00:00
            last_synced_timestamp = 1970-01-01 08:00:00 
    

    配置client
    这里在tracker01节点配置celient客户端 (其他节点可不配置,client.conf为可选配置)

    mkdir -p /data/fdfs_client/logs  #日志存放路径
    
    cat >/etc/fdfs/client.conf <<EOF
    connect_timeout = 5
    network_timeout = 60
    base_path = /data/fdfs_client/logs
    tracker_server = 192.168.31.101:22122
    tracker_server = 192.168.31.102:22122
    log_level = info
    use_connection_pool = false
    connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
    load_fdfs_parameters_from_tracker = false
    use_storage_id = false
    storage_ids_filename = storage_ids.conf
    http.tracker_server_port = 80
    EOF
    
    #需要修改tracker_server地址
    

    上传文件测试,这里的文件是init.yaml

    [root@01 ~]# echo "test" >init.yaml
    [root@01 ~]# fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf init.yaml
    group2/M00/00/00/wKgfaV7-GG2AQcpMAAAABTu5NcY98.yaml
    

    Storage节点安装Nginx
    所有storage节点mod_fastdfs.conf配置如下

    cat >/etc/fdfs/mod_fastdfs.conf <<EOF
    connect_timeout=2
    network_timeout=30
    base_path=/tmp
    load_fdfs_parameters_from_tracker=true
    storage_sync_file_max_delay = 86400
    use_storage_id = false
    storage_ids_filename = storage_ids.conf
    tracker_server=192.168.31.101:22122
    tracker_server=192.168.31.102:22122
    storage_server_port=23000
    url_have_group_name = true
    store_path_count=1
    log_level=info
    log_filename=
    response_mode=proxy
    if_alias_prefix=
    flv_support = true
    flv_extension = flv
    group_count = 2
    #include http.conf
    
    [group1]
    group_name=group1
    storage_server_port=23000
    store_path_count=1
    store_path0=/data/fastdfs_data
    
    [group2]
    group_name=group2
    storage_server_port=23000
    store_path_count=1
    store_path0=/data/fastdfs_data
    EOF
    

    拷贝相关依赖 (以下是所有storage节点安装)

    cp /root/tools/fastdfs-6.06/conf/http.conf /etc/fdfs/
    cp /root/tools/fastdfs-6.06/conf/mime.types /etc/fdfs/
    

    安装Nginx依赖包

    yum install -y gcc glibc gcc-c++ prce-devel openssl-devel pcre-devel lua-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt-devel  perl-ExtUtils-Embed   GeoIP GeoIP-devel GeoIP-data zlib zlib-devel openssl  pcre pcre-devel gcc g++ gcc-c++ gd-devel
    

    创建nginx用户

    useradd -s /sbin/nologin nginx -M
    

    编译nginx

    cd /root/tools/nginx-1.18.0
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.18 --with-http_ssl_module --user=nginx --group=nginx  --with-http_sub_module  --add-module=/root/tools/fastdfs-nginx-module-1.22/src
    
    make && make install
    
    ln -s /usr/local/nginx-1.18 /usr/local/nginx
    

    修改Nginx配置文件

    cat > /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf <<EOF
    worker_processes  1;
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
    
        server {
            listen       8888;
            server_name  localhost;
    
            location ~/group[0-9]/M00 {
                root /data/fastdfs_data;
                ngx_fastdfs_module;
            }
        }
    
    }
    EOF
    

    启动nginx

    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    

    在storage节点上8888的请求且有group的都转给ngx_fastdfs_module插件处理
    接下来我们手动上传两张图片进行测试

    [root@tracker01 ~]# fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf abcdocker.png 
    group1/M00/00/00/wKgfZ17-JkKAYX-SAABc0HR4eEs313.png
    
    [root@tracker01 ~]# fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf i4t.jpg 
    group2/M00/00/00/wKgfal7-JySABmgLAABdMoE-LPo504.jpg
    

    目前我们tracker属于轮训机制,会轮训group1和group2;具体使用参数可以参考下面的文章
    接下来我们可以通过浏览器访问,不同的组对应不同的项目,FastDFS集群可以有多个组,但是每台机器只可以有一个storage

    http://storage1节点:8888/group1/M00/00/00/wKgfZ17-JkKAYX-SAABc0HR4eEs313.png
    http://storage1节点:8888/group2/M00/00/00/wKgfal7-JySABmgLAABdMoE-LPo504.jpg
    

    经过我的测试,即使我们把图片上传到group1中,在group2上面直接访问也可以访问成功,但是在group2的存储目录并没有找到图片文件。原因如下

    #Nginx日志
    192.168.31.174 - - [03/Jul/2020:03:03:31 +0800] "GET /group2/M00/00/00/wKgfaF7-JyKAYde2AABdMoE-LPo633.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:77.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/77.0"
    

    为何我们其他storage节点也可以访问,原因是nginx中fastdfs-nginx-module模块可以重定向文件连接到源服务器取文件
    补充: FastDFS常用命令参数

    #查看集群状态
    fdfs_monitor /etc/fdfs/storage.conf
    
    #上传
    fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf abcdocker.png 
    #下载
    fdfs_download_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgfZ17-JkKAYX-SAABc0HR4eEs313.png
    #查看文件属性
    fdfs_file_info /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgfZ17-JkKAYX-SAABc0HR4eEs313.png
    
    #删除文件
    fdfs_delete_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf group1/M00/00/00/wKgfZ17-JkKAYX-SAABc0HR4eEs313.png
    
    #删除一个storage
    /usr/local/bin/fdfs_monitor /etc/fdfs/storage.conf delete group2 192.168.31.105
    

    Tracker配置高可用

    在tracker上安装的nginx主要为了提供http访问的反向代理、负载均衡和缓存服务
    这里我们tracker01 02同时进行安装即可

    #下载nginx依赖包
    mkdir /root/tools -p
    cd /root/tools
    wget http://down.i4t.com/ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz
    wget http://down.i4t.com/fdfs/v6.6/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
    tar xf ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz
    tar xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
    
    #创建nginx用户
    useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
    
    #编译nginx
    cd /root/tools/nginx-1.18.0
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.18 --with-http_ssl_module --user=nginx --group=nginx  --with-http_sub_module --add-module=/root/tools/ngx_cache_purge-2.3
    
    make && make install
    
    ln -s /usr/local/nginx-1.18 /usr/local/nginx
    

    nginx安装完毕,接下来配置nginx.conf
    tracker 中nginx节点可以不是80,我这里以80位代表

    mkdir /data/nginx_cache -p
    
    $ vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    worker_processes  1;
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
        client_header_buffer_size 32k;
        large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
        client_max_body_size 300m;
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_connect_timeout 90;
        proxy_send_timeout 90;
        proxy_read_timeout 90;
        proxy_buffer_size 16k;
        proxy_buffers 4 64k;
        proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
        proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
        proxy_cache_path /data/nginx_cache keys_zone=http-cache:100m;
    
    upstream fdfs_group1 {
        server 192.168.31.103:8888 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
        server 192.168.80.104:8888 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
    }
    upstream fdfs_group2 {
        server 192.168.31.105:8888 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
        server 192.168.31.106:8888 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
    }
    
    
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
            location /group1/M00 {
                proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
                proxy_cache http-cache;
                proxy_cache_valid  200 304 12h;
                proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args;
                proxy_pass http://fdfs_group1;
                expires 30d;
            }
    
            location /group2/M00 {
                proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_cache http-cache;
                proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;
                proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args;
                proxy_pass http://fdfs_group2;
                expires 30d;
            }
    
        }
     }
    
    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
    

    此时访问tracker01节点和tracker02节点应该都没有问题

    http://192.168.31.101/group1/M00/00/00/wKgfaF7-JyKAYde2AABdMoE-LPo633.jpg
    http://192.168.31.101/group2/M00/00/00/wKgfaF7-JyKAYde2AABdMoE-LPo633.jpg
    
    http://192.168.31.102/group2/M00/00/00/wKgfaF7-JyKAYde2AABdMoE-LPo633.jpg
    http://192.168.31.102/group2/M00/00/00/wKgfaF7-JyKAYde2AABdMoE-LPo633.jpg
    

    效果图如下
    image_1ec8ggt1o32s19besoncejeikm.png-820.7kB

    Nginx代理安装

    通过上面的步骤,已经可以使用storage节点和tracker节点进行访问,但是为了解决统一管理和tracker高可用,我们还需要使用nginx在去代理tracker

    #nginx安装和上面一样,我这里就只更改nginx.conf文件,nginx代理不需要缓存模块,普通安装即可
    
    $ vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    
    worker_processes  1;
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
    upstream fastdfs_tracker {
            server 192.168.31.101:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
            server 192.168.31.102:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
    }
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
    
            location / {
            proxy_pass http://fastdfs_tracker/;
            }
    
        }
    }
    

    最后我们在tracker01节点上,测试nginx代理是否都可以访问成功

    [root@tracker01 ~]# fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf i4t.jpg 
    group1/M00/00/00/wKgfZ17-Oa2AMuRqAABdMoE-LPo686.jpg
    
    [root@tracker01 ~]# fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf i4t.jpg 
    group2/M00/00/00/wKgfaV7-Oa6ANXGLAABdMoE-LPo066.jpg
    
    访问查看
    [root@tracker01 ~]# curl 192.168.31.100/group1/M00/00/00/wKgfZ17-Oa2AMuRqAABdMoE-LPo686.jpg -I
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Server: nginx/1.18.0
    Date: Thu, 02 Jul 2020 19:49:49 GMT
    Content-Type: image/jpeg
    Content-Length: 23858
    Connection: keep-alive
    Last-Modified: Thu, 02 Jul 2020 19:46:53 GMT
    Expires: Sat, 01 Aug 2020 19:49:49 GMT
    Cache-Control: max-age=2592000
    Accept-Ranges: bytes
    
    [root@tracker01 ~]# curl 192.168.31.100/group2/M00/00/00/wKgfaV7-Oa6ANXGLAABdMoE-LPo066.jpg -I
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Server: nginx/1.18.0
    Date: Thu, 02 Jul 2020 19:50:17 GMT
    Content-Type: image/jpeg
    Content-Length: 23858
    Connection: keep-alive
    Last-Modified: Thu, 02 Jul 2020 19:46:54 GMT
    Expires: Sat, 01 Aug 2020 19:50:17 GMT
    Cache-Control: max-age=2592000
    Accept-Ranges: bytes
    

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