使用help语句查看所有postgreSQL语句的语法。 按照以下步骤查看PostgreSQL中所有语句的语法。
安装postgreSQL后，打开psql为：程序文件 -> PostgreSQL 9.2 -> SQL Shell(psql)
使用以下语句查看特定语句的语法。 postgres-＃\ help＆
所有PostgreSQL语句
在这里，我们提供了所有postgreSQL语句及其语法的列表：
ABORT语句：
语法：
ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]
SQL ALTER AGGREGATE语句：
语法：
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type ) RENAME TO new_name ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type ) OWNER TO new_owner
SQL ALTER CONVERSION语句：
语法：
ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO new_name ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO new_owner
SQL ALTER DATABASE语句：
语法：
ALTER DATABASE name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT } ALTER DATABASE name RESET parameter ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO new_name ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner
SQL ALTER DOMAIN语句：
语法：
ALTER DOMAIN name { SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT } ALTER DOMAIN name { SET | DROP } NOT NULL ALTER DOMAIN name ADD domain_constraint ALTER DOMAIN name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ] ALTER DOMAIN name OWNER TO new_owner
SQL ALTER FUNCTION语句：
语法：
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) RENAME TO new_name ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) OWNER TO new_owner
SQL ALTER GROUP语句：
语法：
ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ] ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ] ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO new_name
SQL ALTER INDEX语句：
语法：
ALTER INDEX name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE indexspace_name ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name
SQL ALTER LANGUAGE语句：
语法：
ALTER LANGUAGE name RENAME TO new_name
SQL ALTER OPERATOR语句：
语法：
ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) OWNER TO new_owner
SQL ALTER OPERATOR CLASS语句：
语法：
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO new_name ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO new_owner
SQL ALTER SCHEMA语句：
语法：
ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO new_name ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO new_owner
SQL ALTER SEQUENCE语句：
语法：
ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ] [ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ] [ RESTART [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
SQL ALTER TABLE语句：
语法：
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ] action [, ... ] ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ] RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column ALTER TABLE name RENAME TO new_name
SQL ALTER TABLESPACE语句：
语法：
ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO new_name ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO new_owner
SQL ALTER TRIGGER语句：
语法：
ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO new_name
SQL ALTER TYPE语句：
语法：
ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner
SQL ALTER USER语句：
语法：
ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ] ALTER USER name RENAME TO new_name ALTER USER name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT } ALTER USER name RESET parameter
SQL ANALYSE语句：
语法：
ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ]
SQL BEGIN语句：
语法：
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
SQL CHECKPOINT语句：
语法：
CHECKPOINT
SQL CLOSE语句：
语法：
CLOSE name
SQL CLUSTER语句：
语法：
CLUSTER index_name ON table_name CLUSTER table_name CLUSTER
SQL COMMIT语句：
语法：
COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]
SQL COPY语句：
语法：
COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ] FROM { 'filename' | STDIN } [ [ WITH ] [ BINARY ] [ OIDS ] [ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ] [ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ] [ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ] [ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ] [ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ] COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ] TO { 'filename' | STDOUT } [ [ WITH ] [ BINARY ] [ OIDS ] [ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ] [ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ] [ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ] [ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ] [ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ]
SQL CREATE AGGREGATE语句：
语法：
CREATE AGGREGATE name ( BASETYPE = input_data_type, SFUNC = sfunc, STYPE = state_data_type [ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ] [ , INITCOND = initial_condition ] )
SQL CREATE CAST语句：
语法：
CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type) WITH FUNCTION func_name (arg_types) [ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type) WITHOUT FUNCTION [ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
SQL CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER语句：
语法：
CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name AFTER events ON table_name constraint attributes FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( args )
SQL CREATE CONVERSION语句：
语法：
CREATE [DEFAULT] CONVERSION name FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM func_name
SQL CREATE DATABASE语句：
语法：
CREATE DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] db_owner ] [ TEMPLATE [=] template ] [ ENCODING [=] encoding ] [ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ] ]
SQL CREATE DOMAIN语句：
语法：
CREATE DOMAIN name [AS] data_type [ DEFAULT expression ] [ constraint [ ... ] ]
SQL CREATE FUNCTION语句：
语法：
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION name ( [ [ arg_name ] arg_type [, ...] ] ) RETURNS ret_type { LANGUAGE lang_name | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER | AS 'definition' | AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol' } ... [ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ]
SQL CREATE GROUP语句：
语法：
CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ] Where option can be: SYSID gid | USER username [, ...]
SQL CREATE INDEX语句：
语法：
CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX name ON table [ USING method ] ( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [, ...] ) [ TABLESPACE tablespace ] [ WHERE predicate ]
SQL CREATE LANGUAGE语句：
语法：
CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR val_function ]
SQL CREATE OPERATOR语句：
语法：
CREATE OPERATOR name ( PROCEDURE = func_name [, LEFTARG = left_type ] [, RIGHTARG = right_type ] [, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ] [, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ] [, HASHES ] [, MERGES ] [, SORT1 = left_sort_op ] [, SORT2 = right_sort_op ] [, LTCMP = less_than_op ] [, GTCMP = greater_than_op ] )
SQL CREATE OPERATOR CLASS语句：
语法：
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type USING index_method AS { OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ] [ RECHECK ] | FUNCTION support_number func_name ( argument_type [, ...] ) | STORAGE storage_type } [, ... ]
SQL CREATE RULE语句：
语法：
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event TO table [ WHERE condition ] DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) }
SQL CREATE SCHEMA语句：
语法：
CREATE SCHEMA schema_name [ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username [ schema_element [ ... ] ]
SQL CREATE SEQUENCE语句：
语法：
CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ] [ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ] [ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
SQL CREATE TABLE语句：
语法：
CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( { column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ] | table_constraint | LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } DEFAULTS ] } [, ... ] ) [ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ] [ WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ] [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
SQL CREATE TABLE AS语句：
语法：
CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name [ (column_name [, ...] ) ] [ [ WITH | WITHOUT ] OIDS ] AS query
SQL CREATE TABLESPACE语句：
语法：
CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory'
SQL CRFEATE TRIGGER语句：
语法：
CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] } ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ] EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( arguments )
SQL CREATE TYPE语句：
语法：
CREATE TYPE name AS ( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] ) CREATE TYPE name ( INPUT = input_function, OUTPUT = output_function [ , RECEIVE = receive_function ] [ , SEND = send_function ] [ , ANALYZE = analyze_function ] [ , INTERNALLENGTH = { internal_length | VARIABLE } ] [ , PASSEDBYVALUE ] [ , ALIGNMENT = alignment ] [ , STORAGE = storage ] [ , DEFAULT = default ] [ , ELEMENT = element ] [ , DELIMITER = delimiter ] )
SQL CREATE USER语句：
语法：
CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
SQL CREATE VIEW语句：
语法：
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS query
SQL DEALLOCATE语句：
语法：
DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] plan_name
SQL DECLARE语句：
语法：
DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ] CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query [ FOR { READ ONLY | UPDATE [ OF column [, ...] ] } ]
SQL DELETE语句：
语法：
DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ WHERE condition ]
SQL DROP AGGREGATE语句：
语法：
DROP AGGREGATE name ( type ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP CAST语句：
语法：
DROP CAST (source_type AS target_type) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP CONVERSION语句：
语法：
DROP CONVERSION name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP DATABASE语句：
语法：
DROP DATABASE name
SQL DROP DOMAIN语句：
语法：
DROP DOMAIN name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP FUNCTION语句：
语法：
DROP FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP GROUP语句：
语法：
DROP GROUP name
SQL DROP INDEX语句：
语法：
DROP INDEX name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP LANGUAGE语句：
语法：
DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP OPERATOR语句：
语法：
DROP OPERATOR name ( { left_type | NONE } , { right_type | NONE } ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP OPERATOR CLASS语句：
语法：
DROP OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP RULE语句：
语法：
DROP RULE name ON relation [CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP SCHEMA语句：
语法：
DROP SCHEMA name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP SEQUENCE语句：
语法：
DROP SEQUENCE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP TABLE语句：
语法：
DROP TABLE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP TABLESPACE语句：
语法：
DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name
SQL DROP TRIGGER语句：
语法：
DROP TRIGGER name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP TYPE语句：
语法：
DROP TYPE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL DROP USER语句：
语法：
DROP USER name
SQL DROP VIEW语句：
语法：
DROP VIEW name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
SQL END语句：
语法：
END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]
SQL EXECUTE语句：
语法：
EXECUTE plan_name [ (parameter [, ...] ) ]
SQL EXPLAIN语句：
语法：
EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement
SQL FETCH语句：
语法：
FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursor_name
SQL INSERT语句：
语法：
INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ] { DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) | query }
SQL LISTEN语句：
语法：
LISTEN name
SQL LOAD语句：
语法：
LOAD 'filename'
SQL LOCK语句：
语法：
LOCK [ TABLE ] name [, ...] [ IN lock_mode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ]
SQL MOVE语句：
语法：
MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursor_name
SQL NOTIFY语句：
语法：
NOTIFY name
SQL PREPARE语句：
语法：
PREPARE plan_name [ (data_type [, ...] ) ] AS statement
SQL REINDEX语句：
语法：
REINDEX { DATABASE | TABLE | INDEX } name [ FORCE ]
SQL RESET语句：
语法：
RESET name RESET ALL
SQL ROLLBACK语句：
语法：
ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ]
SQL ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT语句：
语法：
ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name
SQL SAVEPOINT语句：
语法：
SAVEPOINT savepoint_name
SQL SELECT语句：
语法：
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ] * | expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...] [ FROM from_item [, ...] ] [ WHERE condition ] [ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ] [ HAVING condition [, ...] ] [ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ] [ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ] [ LIMIT { count | ALL } ] [ OFFSET start ] [ FOR UPDATE [ OF table_name [, ...] ] ]
SQL SELECT INTO语句：
语法：
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ] * | expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...] INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table [ FROM from_item [, ...] ] [ WHERE condition ] [ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ] [ HAVING condition [, ...] ] [ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ] [ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ] [ LIMIT { count | ALL } ] [ OFFSET start ] [ FOR UPDATE [ OF table_name [, ...] ] ]
SQL SET语句：
语法：
SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] name { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT } SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { time_zone | LOCAL | DEFAULT }
SQL SET CONSTRAINTS语句：
语法：
SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE }
SQL SET TRANSACTION语句：
语法：
SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...] SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...]
SQL SHOW语句：
语法：
SHOW name SHOW ALL
SQL START TRANSACTION语句：
语法：
START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]
SQL TRUNCATE TABLE语句：
语法：
TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] name
SQL UPDATE语句：
语法：
UPDATE [ ONLY ] table SET column = { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] [ FROM from_list ] [ WHERE condition ]
SQL
