备份数据库某些字符或某些行
保存表中所有为M的数据例：
MariaDB [hellodb]> SELECT * FROM students;
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 7 | Xi Ren | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 9 | Ren Yingying | 20 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 10 | Yue Lingshan | 19 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL |
| 12 | Wen Qingqing | 19 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL |
| 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL |
| 19 | Xue Baochai | 18 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 20 | Diao Chan | 19 | F | 7 | NULL |
| 21 | Huang Yueying | 22 | F | 6 | NULL |
| 22 | Xiao Qiao | 20 | F | 1 | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
25 rows in set (0.01 sec)
过滤出Gender M如：
MariaDB [hellodb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE Gender='M';
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
保存到/tmp/下例
：MariaDB [hellodb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE Gender='M' INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/M.txt';
Query OK, 15 rows affected (0.01 sec)
使用cat可看到如下结果
[root@mysql-master mysql]# cat /tmp/M.txt
1 Shi Zhongyu 22 M 2 3
2 Shi Potian 22 M 1 7
3 Xie Yanke 53 M 2 16
4 Ding Dian 32 M 4 4
5 Yu Yutong 26 M 3 1
6 Shi Qing 46 M 5 N
11 Yuan Chengzhi 23 M 6 N
13 Tian Boguang 33 M 2 N
15 Duan Yu 19 M 4 N
16 Xu Zhu 21 M 1 N
17 Lin Chong 25 M 4 N
18 Hua Rong 23 M 7 N
23 Ma Chao 23 M 4 N
24 Xu Xian 27 M N N
25 Sun Dasheng 100 M N N
仿照 students表结构，创建一个表叫做Ms，然后导入/tmp/M.txt例：
MariaDB [hellodb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE Gender='M' INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/M.txt';
Query OK, 15 rows affected (0.01 sec)
例：
MariaDB [hellodb]> CREATE TABLE Ms LIKE students;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
例：
MariaDB [hellodb]> DESC Ms;
+-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| StuID | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| Name | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | |
| Age | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |
| Gender | enum('F','M') | NO | | NULL | |
| ClassID | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| TeacherID | int(10) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
6 rows in set (0.02 sec)
导入：导入：
MariaDB [hellodb]> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/M.txt' INTO TABLE Ms;
Query OK, 15 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 15 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
导入完成后查看：
MariaDB [hellodb]> SELECT * FROM Ms;
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 |
| 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Yu Yutong | 26 | M | 3 | 1 |
| 6 | Shi Qing | 46 | M | 5 | NULL |
| 11 | Yuan Chengzhi | 23 | M | 6 | NULL |
| 13 | Tian Boguang | 33 | M | 2 | NULL |
| 15 | Duan Yu | 19 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 16 | Xu Zhu | 21 | M | 1 | NULL |
| 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 18 | Hua Rong | 23 | M | 7 | NULL |
| 23 | Ma Chao | 23 | M | 4 | NULL |
| 24 | Xu Xian | 27 | M | NULL | NULL |
| 25 | Sun Dasheng | 100 | M | NULL | NULL |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]>
这样的备份比较节约空间，但是更适用于备份字段和行！
