kubernetes helm安装efk(52)

2023年 7月 16日 80.4k 0

efk

ElasticSearch 是一个搜索引擎,由java编写,Logstash用于生成日志,收集日志,转换日志,而后输入到ElasticSearch 。

Logstash扮演agent用来收集日志,因此使用DaemonSet,日志收集完成发送到Logstash server端,Logstash统一整理之后注入到ElasticSearch 当中。ElasticSearch 一般情况下会是一个集群。Logstash也可能不是一个节点,如果两者直接速度不协调,可以使用消息队列,比如:redis组件。一般使用的情况如下图:

efk.png

其中Logstash扮演的角色也包括将所有节点的日志格式化(统一的格式转换)等额外操作,而后注入到ElasticSearch cluster。

但是Logstash作为agent来讲,会显得重量级。因此,使用Filebeat来替代。但是,我们并不使用Filebeat。在节点上工作并收集日志的工具不单单有Logstash,Filebeat,还有Fluentd,还有其他的等。

在k8s集群上,每个节点运行了很多pod,每个pod内也有很多容器,这些容器的日志信息,就需要统一平台进行管理。

尽管我们可以使用kuberctl logs进行查看日志内容,但是在k8s中,pod是 以群体存在的,这种方式并不适用。其次,如果一个pod中的容器崩溃,那么崩溃前的日志内容很可能就无法收集,这是无法解决的。

当一个pod容器宕掉,想要查看日志,就需要提前实时进行收集,在云环境平台,尤其需要日志统一平台进行收集日志。

在一个完整的k8s平台中,有4个重要附件:coredns,ingress,metrics-server+prometheus,dashboard,而EFK也作为一个基础附件,不过,EFK在k8s集群中大多情况下是必须要提供的。

ElasticSearch

而在helm中efk的部署方式,特别是ElasticSearch的部署方式和常规的elk方式是有所不同的。为了能让ElasticSearch运行在k8s环境下,ElasticSearch官方制作了类型的相关镜象,在其镜象中打包了相关组件,直接能够运行在k8s之上,一般而言可以运行三种格式:

ElasticSearch拆分为两部分,由master和data组成,master节点负责轻量化的查询请求,data节点负责重量级的索引构建等请求。ElasticSearch能够完成既能查询也能构建索引功能,分为两层实现。master作为接入到ElasticSearch的唯一入口,而master和data都可作为分布式,data层可随量横向扩展,master也做多台冗余。在data层是需要持久数据存储,也就是存储卷。这样一来就意味着有两个集群,分别是master和data集群。如下图:

efk-1.png

除此之外,还有client集群。摄入节点(如上图),收入任何的日志收集工具,如Fluentd发来的日志,由摄入节点统一生成特定格式以后发给master节点,由此,我们可以当作它为Logstash节点。在ELK中Logstash也就是作为清洗日志,而后转交给ElasticSearch。而摄入节点也就是有此功能。这也是x-pack的方式。

  • master 和 data都是有状态的,意味着需要存储卷,持久存储卷。

k8s日志收集方式

收集日志可以分为两种方式:pod内部和外部

内部:每个pod单独发送自己的日志给日志存储的,这样一来就需要在pod内部署几个容器来进行收集日志,随着pod增多,那就需要部署很多。也可以在docker中部署日志收集器,但是这种方式并不被推荐。

外部:一般而言, 会在节点上部署一个统一的插件,节点上所有容器,以及节点自身。统一收集发往日志平台,而这套日志收集系统,可以部署在集群内,也可以部署在集群之外。

我们暂且不管ElasticSearch部署在哪里。

假如使用Fluentd收集,Fluentd本身是部署在集群外和集群内是需要考量的。如果在集群内,只需要挂载存储卷并且将主机日志目录关联到pod中,运行DaemonSet即可。而运行主机上,如果Fluentd出现问题就不再集群控制范围内。

  • Fluentd本身是通过本地/var/log来获取日志,而节点上每一个容器的日志是输出到/var/log/containers/下

部署elasticsearch

[root@linuxea helm]# helm fetch stable/elasticsearch --version 1.13.3
[root@linuxea helm]# tar xf  elasticsearch-1.13.3.tgz 
tar: elasticsearch/Chart.yaml: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: elasticsearch/values.yaml: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: elasticsearch/templates/NOTES.txt: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: elasticsearch/templates/_helpers.tpl: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: elasticsearch/templates/client-deployment.yaml: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:

创建一个名称空间

[root@linuxea elasticsearch]# kubectl create namespace efk
namespace/efk created
[root@linuxea elasticsearch]# kubectl get ns -n efk
NAME          STATUS    AGE
default       Active    8d
efk           Active    13s

而后install stable/elasticsearch,并且指定名称空间,-f指定/values.yaml文件

  • values文件部分要将持久存储关闭
  podDisruptionBudget:
    enabled: false
  persistence:
    enabled: false

安装

[root@linuxea elasticsearch]# helm install --name els-1 --namespace=efk -f ./values.yaml stable/elasticsearch
NAME:   els-1
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Nov 19 06:45:40 2018
NAMESPACE: efk
STATUS: DEPLOYED

RESOURCES:
==> v1/ConfigMap
NAME                 AGE
els-1-elasticsearch  1s

==> v1/ServiceAccount
els-1-elasticsearch-client  1s
els-1-elasticsearch-data    1s
els-1-elasticsearch-master  1s

==> v1/Service
els-1-elasticsearch-client     1s
els-1-elasticsearch-discovery  1s

==> v1beta1/Deployment
els-1-elasticsearch-client  1s

==> v1beta1/StatefulSet
els-1-elasticsearch-data    1s
els-1-elasticsearch-master  1s

==> v1/Pod(related)

初始化状态

NAME                                         READY  STATUS    RESTARTS  AGE
els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-5d22f  0/1    Init:0/1  0         1s
els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-tzbps  0/1    Init:0/1  0         1s
els-1-elasticsearch-data-0                   0/1    Init:0/2  0         1s
els-1-elasticsearch-master-0                 0/1    Init:0/2  0         1s

NOTES信息,这些信息可通过stats复现

NOTES:
The elasticsearch cluster has been installed.

Elasticsearch can be accessed:

  * Within your cluster, at the following DNS name at port 9200:

    els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc

  * From outside the cluster, run these commands in the same shell:

    export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace efk -l "app=elasticsearch,component=client,release=els-1" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
    echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:9200 to use Elasticsearch"
    kubectl port-forward --namespace efk $POD_NAME 9200:9200

当镜象拉取完成,都准备好就会启动

[root@linuxea ~]# kubectl get pods -n efk 
NAME                                          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-5d22f   0/1       Running   0          32s
els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-tzbps   0/1       Running   0          32s
els-1-elasticsearch-data-0                    0/1       Running   0          32s
els-1-elasticsearch-master-0                  0/1       Running   0          32s

稍等后全是Running状态,READY满载,也就是client,client,master都运行了2个

[root@linuxea ~]# kubectl get pods -n efk
NAME                                          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-5d22f   1/1       Running   0          1m
els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-tzbps   1/1       Running   0          1m
els-1-elasticsearch-data-0                    1/1       Running   0          1m
els-1-elasticsearch-data-1                    1/1       Running   0          47s
els-1-elasticsearch-master-0                  1/1       Running   0          1m
els-1-elasticsearch-master-1                  1/1       Running   0          53s

验证我们下载一个cirror镜象,验证elasticsearch是否正常运行

[root@linuxea elasticsearch]# kubectl run cirror-$RANDOM --rm -it --image=cirros -- /bin/sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/#

查看是否能够被解析

/ # nslookup els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc
Server:    10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc
Address 1: 10.104.57.197 els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc.cluster.local

是否能够访问9200端口

/ # curl els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc.cluster.local:9200
{
  "name" : "els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-tzbps",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "ROD_0h1vRiW_5POVBwz3Nw",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "6.4.3",
    "build_flavor" : "oss",
    "build_type" : "tar",
    "build_hash" : "fe40335",
    "build_date" : "2018-10-30T23:17:19.084789Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "7.4.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "5.6.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "5.0.0"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

_cat

/ # curl els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc.cluster.local:9200/_cat/
=^.^=
/_cat/allocation
/_cat/shards
/_cat/shards/{index}
/_cat/master
/_cat/nodes
/_cat/tasks
/_cat/indices
/_cat/indices/{index}
/_cat/segments
/_cat/segments/{index}
/_cat/count
/_cat/count/{index}
/_cat/recovery
/_cat/recovery/{index}
/_cat/health
/_cat/pending_tasks
/_cat/aliases
/_cat/aliases/{alias}
/_cat/thread_pool
/_cat/thread_pool/{thread_pools}
/_cat/plugins
/_cat/fielddata
/_cat/fielddata/{fields}
/_cat/nodeattrs
/_cat/repositories
/_cat/snapshots/{repository}
/_cat/templates

以及节点

/ # curl els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc.cluster.local:9200/_cat/nodes
172.16.4.92  21 85 2 0.32 0.27 0.16 i  - els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-tzbps
172.16.5.55  19 76 2 0.08 0.11 0.12 mi * els-1-elasticsearch-master-1
172.16.3.109 21 40 5 0.15 0.13 0.10 di - els-1-elasticsearch-data-0
172.16.4.91  21 85 2 0.32 0.27 0.16 mi - els-1-elasticsearch-master-0
172.16.5.54  21 76 2 0.08 0.11 0.12 i  - els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-5d22f
172.16.4.93  21 85 1 0.32 0.27 0.16 di - els-1-elasticsearch-data-1

或者索引

/ # curl els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc.cluster.local:9200/_cat/indices

部署fluenetd

[root@linuxea helm]# helm fetch stable/fluentd-elasticsearch
[root@linuxea helm]# tar xf fluentd-elasticsearch-1.1.0.tgz 
tar: fluentd-elasticsearch/Chart.yaml: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: fluentd-elasticsearch/values.yaml: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: fluentd-elasticsearch/templates/NOTES.txt: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: fluentd-elasticsearch/templates/_helpers.tpl: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: fluentd-elasticsearch/templates/clusterrole.yaml: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00

修改

elasticsearch:
  host: 'elasticsearch-client'
  port: 9200
  buffer_chunk_limit: 2M
  buffer_queue_limit: 8  

elasticsearch:
  host: 'els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc.cluster.local'
  port: 9200
  buffer_chunk_limit: 2M
  buffer_queue_limit: 8

这个els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc.cluster.local地址是集群内部的地址,并不是pod地址。

prometheus启用

annotations:
  prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  prometheus.io/port: "24231"
-------------
service:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - name: "monitor-agent"
      port: 24231

污点容忍度

tolerations: 
  - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
    operator: Exists
    effect: NoSchedule

而后install

[root@linuxea helm]# helm install --name fluentd1 --namespace=efk -f fluentd-elasticsearch/values.yaml stable/fluentd-elasticsearch

观察pod running

[root@linuxea ~]# kubectl get pods -n efk  -w
NAME                                          READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-5d22f   1/1       Running             0          1h
els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-tzbps   1/1       Running             0          1h
els-1-elasticsearch-data-0                    1/1       Running             0          1h
els-1-elasticsearch-data-1                    1/1       Running             0          1h
els-1-elasticsearch-master-0                  1/1       Running             0          1h
els-1-elasticsearch-master-1                  1/1       Running             0          1h
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-28wnb          0/1       ContainerCreating   0          16s
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-77qmr          0/1       ContainerCreating   0          16s
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-885fc          0/1       ContainerCreating   0          16s
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-9kzfm          0/1       ContainerCreating   0          16s
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-lnbvg          0/1       ContainerCreating   0          16s
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-9kzfm   1/1       Running   0         2m
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-77qmr   1/1       Running   0         2m
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-28wnb   1/1       Running   0         2m
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-885fc   1/1       Running   0         2m
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-lnbvg   1/1       Running   0         3m

验证

验证索引

/ # curl els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc.cluster.local:9200/_cat/indices
green open logstash-2018.11.15 trf07L62QHaAIG5oym73kw 5 1  12796 0   5.9mb    3mb
green open logstash-2018.11.16 thookgxbS86mNmbLPCeOQA 5 1   9964 0   4.8mb  2.4mb
green open logstash-2018.11.18 Y0pbmu7RSQizbvoH7V6Cig 5 1   9597 0   5.3mb  2.7mb
green open logstash-2018.11.17 pIhgyn-7TaeYOzLbH-dSJA 5 1  13302 0   9.8mb  4.8mb
green open logstash-2018.11.14 JirkQqsUSmqUnn0bRPVJLA 5 1  12402 0   5.8mb  2.8mb
green open logstash-2018.11.10 4zOpjsVFSMmF0hpY13jryg 5 1 179246 0 128.8mb 65.8mb
green open logstash-2018.11.11 ZF6V9DETQlCBsJPSMdc6ww 5 1  34778 0  15.7mb  7.8mb
green open logstash-2018.11.13 0qZgntkHTRiuK2_S3Rtvnw 5 1  12679 0   6.3mb  3.1mb
green open logstash-2018.11.09 8lSv0UvxQHWTPBZVx9EMVg 5 1   7229 0   7.3mb    4mb
green open logstash-2018.11.12 rJiKEdFdTzqE3ovKecn4kw 5 1  11983 0   5.3mb  2.6mb
green open logstash-2018.11.19 MhasgEdtS3KWR-KpS30E7A 5 1  38671 0  73.3mb   40mb

部署kibana

kibana版本要和es一致

[root@linuxea helm]# helm fetch stable/kibana --version 0.18.0
[root@linuxea helm]# tar xf kibana-0.18.0.tgz 
tar: kibana/Chart.yaml: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: kibana/values.yaml: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: kibana/templates/NOTES.txt: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00
tar: kibana/templates/_helpers.tpl: implausibly old time stamp 1970-01-01 01:00:00

修改values的elasticsearch.url地址,这个地址可使用helm list查看,并且使用helm status HELMNAME查看

files:
  kibana.yml:
    ## Default Kibana configuration from kibana-docker.
    server.name: kibana
    server.host: "0"
#    elasticsearch.url: http://elasticsearch:9200
    elasticsearch.url: http://els-1-elasticsearch-client.efk.svc:9200

使用NodePort。便于集群外访问

service:
  type: NodePort
  externalPort: 443
  internalPort: 5601

另外,如果有必要,这里的image版本必须和ElasticSearch一样

image:
  repository: "docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana-oss"
  tag: "6.4.3"
  pullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"

安装

[root@linuxea helm]# helm install --name kibana1 --namespace=efk -f kibana/values.yaml stable/kibana --version 0.18.0
NAME:   kibana1
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Nov 19 08:13:34 2018
NAMESPACE: efk
STATUS: DEPLOYED

RESOURCES:
==> v1/ConfigMap
NAME     AGE
kibana1  1s

==> v1/Service
kibana1  1s

==> v1beta1/Deployment
kibana1  1s

==> v1/Pod(related)

NAME                      READY  STATUS             RESTARTS  AGE
kibana1-578f8d68c7-dvq2z  0/1    ContainerCreating  0         1s


NOTES:
To verify that kibana1 has started, run:

  kubectl --namespace=efk get pods -l "app=kibana"

Kibana can be accessed:

  * From outside the cluster, run these commands in the same shell:

    export NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get --namespace efk -o jsonpath="{.spec.ports[0].nodePort}" services kibana1)
    export NODE_IP=$(kubectl get nodes --namespace efk -o jsonpath="{.items[0].status.addresses[0].address}")
    echo http://$NODE_IP:$NODE_PORT

经过漫长的等待kibana1已经running,不过由于资源不足,fluentd有被驱逐Evicted的现象

[root@linuxea helm]# kubectl get pods -n efk -o wide -w
NAME                                          READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE       IP             NODE
els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-9rg4x   1/1       Running             0          7m        172.16.3.124   linuxea.node-2.com
els-1-elasticsearch-client-779495bbdc-bhq2f   1/1       Running             0          7m        172.16.2.28    linuxea.node-1.com
els-1-elasticsearch-data-0                    1/1       Running             0          7m        172.16.5.65    linuxea.node-4.com
els-1-elasticsearch-data-1                    1/1       Running             0          6m        172.16.2.29    linuxea.node-1.com
els-1-elasticsearch-master-0                  1/1       Running             0          7m        172.16.3.125   linuxea.node-2.com
els-1-elasticsearch-master-1                  1/1       Running             0          6m        172.16.5.66    linuxea.node-4.com
els-1-elasticsearch-master-2                  1/1       Running             0          5m        172.16.4.97    linuxea.node-3.com
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-2bllt          1/1       Running             0          3m        172.16.4.98    linuxea.node-3.com
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-7pkvl          1/1       Running             0          3m        172.16.2.30    linuxea.node-1.com
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-cnhk6          1/1       Running             0          3m        172.16.0.26    linuxea.master-1.com
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-mk9m2          1/1       Running             0          3m        172.16.5.67    linuxea.node-4.com
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch-wm2kw          1/1       Running             0          3m        172.16.3.126   linuxea.node-2.com
kibana1-bfbbf89f6-4tkzb                       0/1       ContainerCreating   0          45s       <none>         linuxea.node-2.com
kibana1-bfbbf89f6-4tkzb   1/1       Running   0         1m        172.16.3.127   linuxea.node-2.com

通过NodePort端口进行访问

[root@linuxea helm]# kubectl get svc -n efk
NAME                             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
fluentd1-fluentd-elasticsearch   ClusterIP   10.106.221.12    <none>        24231/TCP       4m
kibana1                          NodePort    10.98.70.188     <none>        443:32725/TCP   2m

efk-2.pngefk-3.png

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