Linux系统快速安装MySQL5.7数据库笔记

系统运维 2023-07-22 大猫 手机阅读

1、环境说明

环境：CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

MySQL版本：mysql-community-server-5.7.42-1.el7.x86_64

2、 环境准备

配置yum源：

# aliyun
$ mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
$ wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
$ sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
1. 引自阿里云CentOS 镜像
1. 腾讯云
$ wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo

$ yum clean all
$ yum makecache

下载和配置mysql5.7的yum源。

# 下载mysql源
$ wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

1. 安装
$ yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

1. 查看源是否生效
$ yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

1. 安装校验key
$ rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

查看MySQL的源： image.png

3、安装数据库

添加mysql用户

$ useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
1. yum安装数据库
$ yum install mysql-community-server -y

查看安装的数据库包：

image.png

4、配置数据库

编辑mysql配置文件

# 编辑my.cnf
$ cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
$ vim /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld]
user=mysql
port=3306
1. 数据库数据目录
datadir=/opt/workspaces/mysql-server/data/
1. 默认
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
1. 日志目录
log-error=/opt/workspaces/mysql-server/logs/mysqld.log
1. 字符设置
character_set_server=utf8mb4
collation_server=utf8mb4_general_ci
1. 数据库默认引擎
default_storage_engine=innodb
default_tmp_storage_engine=innodb
1. transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED
1. log_timestamps=system
skip_name_resolve=1
1. lower_case_table_names=0#0表示区分大小写，1表示不区分大小写
1. max_allowed_packet=32M
1. back_log=1024
 thread_stack=512K
1. bulk_insert_buffer_size=64M
 max_heap_table_size=32M
sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER"
1. max_connections=512
1. max_connect_errors=1000000
1. open_files_limit=65535
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1
1. 1. interactive_timeout=1800
1. wait_timeout=1800
1. lock_wait_timeout=1800
1. 1. table_open_cache=4000
1. table_definition_cache=2000
1. table_open_cache_instances=32
1. 1. read_buffer_size=8M
1. read_rnd_buffer_size=4M
1. sort_buffer_size=16M
1. tmp_table_size=96M
1. join_buffer_size=16M
1. thread_cache_size=64
1. key_buffer_size=32M
1. myisam_sort_buffer_size=32M

1. slowlog
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/opt/workspaces/mysql-server/logs/slow.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes=1
log_slow_admin_statements=1
log_slow_slave_statements=1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes=10
long_query_time=5

#binlogsettings
server-id=1
log_bin=/opt/workspaces/mysql-server/mysql-bin/mybinlog
log_error_verbosity=2
log_error_verbosity=2
binlog_cache_size=2M
max_binlog_size=1G
binlog_checksum=NONE
binlog_format=ROW
binlog_rows_query_log_events=1
1. sync_binlog=1
expire_logs_days=7

log_timestamps=SYSTEM

配置内容参考如上，根据实际设置具体参数。

5、启动数据库

使用systemctl管理数据库

# 启动数据库
$ systemctl start mysqld
1. 查看数据库状态
$ systemctl status mysqld
1. 停止数据库
$ systemctl stop mysqld
1. 开机自启动
$ systemctl enable mysqld

数据库启动后科进行初始化操作，通过

$ 

1. 默认密码查看日志
$ cat logs/mysqld.log | grep password
$ cat /var/log/messages | grep password

参考文件：

阿里云CentOS 镜像：developer.aliyun.com/mirror/cent…

腾讯云yum源：mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/help/centos…