神奇的Okteto服务

Okteto 是一个神奇的工具，可以方便我们快速构建开发环境！

Okteto 是一个通过在 Kubernetes 中来开发和测试代码的应用程序开发工具，可以通过 Okteto 在 Kubernetes 中一键为我们启动一个开发环境，非常简单方便。

1. Okteto 命令工具安装

Install Okteto CLI

• Okteto 为 Kubernetes 应用程序提供了本地开发环境的体验，你可以在你的 IDE 中进行代码编辑，然后 Okteto 会自动将它同步到你的集群上面，验证对应功能。Okteto CLI 是开源的，代码可在 Github 上获得，它适用于任何 Kubernetes 集群的客户端工具。

# MacOS/Linux
$ brew install okteto
$ curl https://get.okteto.com -sSfL | sh

# Windows
$ scoop install okteto

# Github
https://github.com/okteto/okteto/releases

2. Okteto 命令工具使用

Okteto CLI Reference

# format
$ okteto [options] <command> <subcommand> [parameters]

# analytics
➜ okteto analytics
 ✓  Analytics have been enabled

# status
$ okteto status --info
 i  Local syncthing url: http://localhost:60539
 i  Remote syncthing url: http://localhost:60538
 i  Syncthing username: okteto
 i  Syncthing password: ac0ee34a-b1aa-4a41-bc67-cec3128b6cfd
 ✓  Synchronization status: 100.00%

3. Okteto 启动配置文件

Okteto Manifest Reference

• 生成的 okteto.yml 是描述开发容器的一种清单格式，它声明了部署目标、开发容器、要同步的文件夹以及激活开发容器所需的其他信息。

name: vote
labels:
  app.kubernetes.io/part-of: vote
  app.kubernetes.io/component: api
image: python:3
command: ["python", "app.py"]
workdir: /usr/src/app
sync:
  - .:/usr/src/app
environment:
  - name=$USER
  - environment=development
resources:
  requests:
    memory: "64Mi"
    cpu: "250m"
  limits:
    memory: "128Mi"
    cpu: "500m"
forward:
  - 8080:80
  - 5432:postgres:5432
reverse:
  - 9000:9001
securityContext:
  runAsUser: 1000
  runAsGroup: 2000
  fsGroup: 3000
  capabilities:
    add:
      - SYS_PTRACE

4. Okteto 部署配置文件

Stacks Manifest Reference

Okteto Stacks 适合那些不想处理 Kubernetes 清单的复杂性的开发人员，其实现并扩展了 Compose 规范，使在 Kubernetes 中部署容器变得容易。

• .stignore -> 同步需要忽略文件列表
• okteto.yml -> 服务启动生成的配置文件

namespace: development

services:
  vote:
    name: voting-app
    build: vote
    scale: 2
    ports:
      - 8080:8080
    environment:
      - ROOT_PASSWORD=${PASSWORD}

  redis:
    name: voting-redis
    image: redis
    ports:
      - 6379
    volumes:
      - redis:/data

volumes:
  redis:

forward:
  - 8080:8080

deploy:
  resources:
    reservations:
      cpu: 300m
      memory: 500Mi
    limits:
      cpu: 500m
      memory: 800Mi
  restart_policy:
    condition: on-failure
    max_attempts: 3

# default .stignore for a go-based project
okteto.yml
.git
*.exe
*.exe~
*.dll
*.so
*.dylib

# Test binary, built with go test -c
*.test

# Output of the go coverage tool, specifically when used with LiteIDE
*.out

5. Okteto 远程部署服务

SSH Server

作为启用开发容器的一部分，okteto up 执行以下步骤：

1. 一个极简 SSH 服务器被注入到您的开发容器中
2. 从开发容器的本地端口创建端口转发到 22 端口
3. 主机条目将添加到你的本地 .ssh/config 文件中，其值如下：

Host MANIFEST_NAME.okteto
  HostName localhost
  Port PORT
  StrictHostKeyChecking no
  UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null

okteto up 使用 SSH 服务器来运行远程命令并将端口转发到你的开发容器，SSH 服务器可以将你的开发容器与支持远程开发的 IDE 集成，例如 VS Code 或 PyCharm。

• 使用 SSH 连接

# 开发容器启动并运行
$ ssh -P PORT localhost

# 还可以使用添加到本地SSH配置中的主机条目进行SSH
$ ssh MANIFEST_NAME.okteto

• 安全巩固

# 第一次运行时，将创建SSH秘钥对
# $HOME/.okteto/id_rsa_okteto
# $HOME/.okteto/id_rsa_okteto.pub
$ okteto up

6. Okteto 的云服务使用

Getting Started on Okteto Cloud

Okteto Cloud 提供了对安全的 Kubernetes 名称空间的即时访问，使开发人员能够完全在云中编写、构建和运行 Kubernetes 应用程序。

• Step 1: Deploy the Movies App

• Step 2: Install the Okteto CLI

# MacOS/Linux
$ brew install okteto
$ curl https://get.okteto.com -sSfL | sh

• Step 3: Configure access to your Okteto Cloud namespace

$ okteto namespace
Authentication required. Do you want to log into Okteto? [y/n]: y
What is the URL of your Okteto instance? [https://cloud.okteto.com]:
Authentication will continue in your default browser
 ✓  Logged in as cindy
 ✓  Updated context 'cloud_okteto_com' in '/Users/cindy/.kube/config'

• Step 4: Activate your development container

# clone
$ git clone https://github.com/okteto/movies
$ cd movies

# api component
$ cd api
$ okteto up
 ✓  Persistent volume successfully attached
 ✓  Images successfully pulled
 ✓  Files synchronized
    Namespace: cindy
    Name:      api
    Forward:   8080 -> 8080
               9229 -> 9229
Welcome to your development container. Happy coding!
cindy:api src>

cindy:api src> env | grep MONGODB_PASSWORD
MONGODB_PASSWORD=Password![email protected]

cindy:api src> yarn start
yarn run v1.19.1
$ nodemon server.js
[nodemon] 1.19.2
[nodemon] to restart at any time, enter `rs`
[nodemon] watching dir(s): *.*
[nodemon] starting `node server.js`
Server running on port 8080.
GET /api/movies
GET /api/watching

• Step 5: Development time!

# server.js
db.collection('watching').find().toArray( (err, results) =>{

# info
[nodemon] restarting due to changes...
[nodemon] starting `node server.js`
Server running on port 8080.

7. okteto 与 github 集成

Preview Environments with Github

将展示如何使用 Okteto Cloud 和 Github Actions 为你的应用程序自动创建一个预览环境。

• Step 1: Fork the Repository

# clone
https://github.com/okteto/kubernetes-preview-environment

• Step 2: Create the Github Workflow
  • Log into Okteto Cloud.
  • Deploy a preview environment in Okteto Cloud.
  • Update the PR with the URL of the preview environment.

# action
https://github.com/okteto/actions

# file: .github/workflows/preview.yaml
on:
  pull_request:
    branches:
      - master

jobs:
  preview:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Login
        uses: okteto/[email protected]
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.OKTETO_TOKEN }}

      - name: Deploy preview environment
        uses: okteto/deploy-[email protected]
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
        with:
          name: pr-${{ github.event.number }}-cindylopez
          scope: personal
          timeout: 15m

• Step 3: Configure your Okteto API Token

# secrets
OKTETO_TOKEN

# create a personal access token
https://okteto.com/docs/cloud/personal-access-tokens

• Step 4: Open a Pull Request

• Step 5: See your changes live

• Step 6: Cleanup

# file: .github/workflows/preview-closed.yaml
on:
  pull_request:
    types:
      - closed

jobs:
  closed:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: checkout
        uses: actions/[email protected]

      - name: Login
        uses: okteto/[email protected]
        with:
          token: ${{ secrets.OKTETO_TOKEN }}

      - name: Delete preview environment
        uses: okteto/destroy-[email protected]
        with:
          name: pr-${{ github.event.number }}-cindylopez

8. okteto 本地开发环境

Getting Started on Okteto Cloud with Python

• Step 1: Deploy the Python Sample App

# clone
$ git clone https://github.com/okteto/python-getting-started
$ cd python-getting-started

# deployment
$ kubectl apply -f k8s.yml
deployment.apps "hello-world" created
service "hello-world" created

• Step 2: Create your okteto manifest

# 初始化配置
$ okteto init
This command walks you through creating an okteto manifest.
It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.
See https://okteto.com/docs/reference/manifest for the official documentation about the okteto manifest.
Use the arrow keys to navigate: ↓ ↑ → ←
Select the deployment you want to develop:
  ▸ hello-world
    Use default values
 ✓  hello-world
 ✓  Deployment 'hello-world' successfully analyzed
 ✓  okteto manifest (okteto.yml) created
 i  Run 'okteto up' to activate your development container

# 配置文件
$ cat okteto.yml
name: hello-world
command: bash
volumes:
  - /root/.cache/pip
sync:
  - .:/usr/src/app
forward:
  - 8080:8080
reverse:
  - 9000:9000

• Step 3: Activate your development container

$ okteto up
 ✓  Persistent volume successfully attached
 ✓  Images successfully pulled
 ✓  Files synchronized
    Namespace: cindy
    Name:      hello-world
    Forward:   8080 -> 8080
    Reverse:   9000 <- 9000

Welcome to your development container. Happy coding!
cindy:hello-world app>

cindy:hello-world app> python app.py
Starting hello-world server...
 * Serving Flask app "app" (lazy loading)
 * Environment: development
 * Debug mode: on
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:8080/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

• Step 4: Develop directly on Okteto Cloud

# code
$ cat app.py
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'Hello World from the cluster!'
}

# logging
 * Detected change in '/usr/src/app/app.py', reloading
 * Restarting with stat
Starting hello-world server...
 * Debugger is active!
 * Debugger PIN: 308-916-374

• Step 5: Debug directly in Okteto Cloud

# code
$ cat app.py
if __name__ == '__main__':
  print('Starting hello-world server...')
  # comment out to use Pycharm's remote debugger
  attach()

  app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8080)

# logging
Starting hello-world server...
 * Serving Flask app "app" (lazy loading)
 * Environment: development
 * Debug mode: on
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:8080/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
 * Restarting with stat
Starting hello-world server...
Connecting to debugger...

9. okteto 参考链接地址

送人玫瑰，手有余香！

• okteto 云服务地址
• okteto 官方文档地址
• okteto github 地址