源码篇：从 Linux 出发深入剖析服务端启动流程
通过前几章课程的学习，我们已经对 Netty 的技术思想和基本原理有了初步的认识，从今天这节课开始我们将正式进入 Netty 核心源码学习的课程。希望能够通过源码解析的方式让你更加深入理解 Netty 的精髓，如 Netty 的设计思想、工程技巧等，为之后继续深入研究 Netty 打下坚实的基础。
在课程开始之前，我想分享一下关于源码学习的几点经验和建议。
第一，很多同学在开始学习源码时面临的第一个问题就是不知道从何下手，这个时候一定不能对着源码毫无意义地四处翻看。建议你可以通过 Hello World 或者 TestCase 作为源码学习的入口，然后再通过 Debug 断点的方式调试并跑通源码。
第二，阅读源码一定要有全局观。首先要把握源码的主流程，避免刚开始陷入代码细节的死胡同。
第三，源码一定要反复阅读，让自己每一次读都有不同的收获。我们可以通过画图、注释的方式帮助自己更容易理解源码的核心流程，方便后续的复习和回顾。
作为源码解析的第一节课，我们将深入分析 Netty 服务端的启动流程。启动服务的过程中我们可以了解到 Netty 各大核心组件的关系，这将是学习 Netty 源码一个非常好的切入点，让我们一起看看 Netty 的每个零件是如何运转起来的吧。
调试示例代码
位于netty-example工程下的handler工程的 io.netty.example.echo包下
package io.netty.example.echo;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContextBuilder;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.util.InsecureTrustManagerFactory;
public final class EchoClient {
static final boolean SSL = System.getProperty("ssl") != null;
static final String HOST = System.getProperty("host", "127.0.0.1");
static final int PORT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("port", "8007"));
static final int SIZE = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("size", "256"));
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Configure SSL.git
final SslContext sslCtx;
if (SSL) {
sslCtx = SslContextBuilder.forClient()
.trustManager(InsecureTrustManagerFactory.INSTANCE).build();
} else {
sslCtx = null;
}
// Configure the client.
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
System.out.println("客户端bootstrap.handler()方法中指定的处理器被调用");
ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline();
if (sslCtx != null) {
p.addLast(sslCtx.newHandler(ch.alloc(), HOST, PORT));
}
// p.addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
p.addLast(new EchoClientHandler());
}
});
// Start the client.
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(HOST, PORT).sync();
// Wait until the connection is closed.
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// Shut down the event loop to terminate all threads.
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
package io.netty.example.echo;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
/**
* Handler implementation for the echo client. It initiates the ping-pong
* traffic between the echo client and server by sending the first message to
* the server.
*/
public class EchoClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
private final ByteBuf firstMessage;
/**
* Creates a client-side handler.
*/
public EchoClientHandler() {
firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(EchoClient.SIZE);
for (int i = 0; i < firstMessage.capacity(); i ++) {
firstMessage.writeByte((byte) i);
}
firstMessage.writeByte((byte) 98);
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
System.out.println("EchoClientHandler.channelActive");
ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage);
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
System.out.println("客户端EchoClientHandler#channelRead被调用");
System.out.println("客户端收到数据" + msg);
System.out.println("客户端发送数据" + msg);
ctx.writeAndFlush(msg);
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ctx.flush();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
// Close the connection when an exception is raised.
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
package io.netty.example.echo;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.UnpooledByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.ClientLoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.logging.ServerLoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContextBuilder;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.util.SelfSignedCertificate;
/**
* Echoes back any received data from a client.
*/
public final class EchoServer {
static final boolean SSL = System.getProperty("ssl") != null;
static final int PORT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("port", "8007"));
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Configure SSL.
final SslContext sslCtx;
if (SSL) {
SelfSignedCertificate ssc = new SelfSignedCertificate();
sslCtx = SslContextBuilder.forServer(ssc.certificate(), ssc.privateKey()).build();
} else {
sslCtx = null;
}
// Configure the server.
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
final EchoServerHandler serverHandler = new EchoServerHandler();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
.handler(new ServerLoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
//两种设置keepalive风格
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
.childOption(NioChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
//切换到unpooled的方式之一
.childOption(ChannelOption.ALLOCATOR, UnpooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline();
p.addLast(new ClientLoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
p.addLast(serverHandler);
}
});
// Start the server.
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(PORT).sync();
// Wait until the server socket is closed.
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// Shut down all event loops to terminate all threads.
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
package io.netty.example.echo;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler.Sharable;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Handler implementation for the echo server.
*/
@Sharable
public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
ctx.channel().eventLoop().schedule(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(new Date().toString() + ":服务器收到消息");
try {
Thread.sleep(2 * 1000);
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello, 客户端~(>^ω^
