Every time MySQL is upgraded, the user should execute mysql_upgrade, that looks for incompatibilities with the upgraded MySQL server.
It upgrades the system tables in the mysql schema so that the user can take advantage of new privileges or capabilities that could have been added after the upgrade.
It basically upgrades the Performance Schema and sys schema.
It also examines user schemas.
If mysql_upgrade finds that a table has a possible incompatibility, it performs a table check and, if some problems are found, attempts a table repair operation
The mysql_upgrade can be used as shown below −
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Ensure that the server is currently running.
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Invoke mysql_upgrade to upgrade the system tables in the mysql schema.
Check and repair tables in other schemas using the below command −
shell> mysql_upgrade [options]
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停止服务器并重新启动，以便使任何系统表更改生效。
如果有多个需要升级的MySQL服务器实例，则可以使用适合连接到每个所需服务器的连接参数来调用mysql_upgrade。让我们以一个例子来说明 -
通过连接到适当的端口，升级本地主机上运行的端口为3306到3308的每个服务器。可以使用以下命令来完成这个操作 -
shell> mysql_upgrade --protocol=tcp -P 3306 [other_options]
shell> mysql_upgrade --protocol=tcp -P 3307 [other_options]
shell> mysql_upgrade --protocol=tcp -P 3308 [other_options]
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对于Unix上的本地主机连接，--protocol=tcp选项将强制使用TCP/IP连接，而不是Unix套接字文件。
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