使用C语言编写一个关于结构的示例程序

The structure is a collection of different datatype variables, grouped together under a single name Syntax.

Declaration and initialization of structures

The general form of structure declaration is as follows −

datatype member1;
struct tagname{
datatype member2;
datatype member n;
};

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在这里，struct - 关键字

tagname - 指定结构的名称

member1, member2 - 指定构成结构的数据项。

示例

struct book{
int pages;
char author [30];
float price;
};

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结构变量

声明结构变量有三种方式。它们如下所示 −

1) struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
}b;
2) struct{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
}b;
3) struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
};
struct book b;

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结构的初始化和访问

• 成员和结构变量之间的链接是通过成员运算符（或者点运算符）建立的。

• 初始化可以通过以下方式进行：

方法1

struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
} b = {100, “balu", 325.75};

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Method 2

struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
};
struct book b = {100, “balu", 325.75};

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Method 3 (using member operator)

struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
} ;
struct book b;
b. pages = 100;
strcpy (b.author, “balu");
b.price = 325.75;

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方法四（使用scanf函数）

struct book{
int pages;
char author[30];
float price;
} ;
struct book b;
scanf (“%d", &b.pages);
scanf (“%s", b.author);
scanf (“%f", &b. price);

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We can print the contents of either of the above structures in the main method as shown below −

main ( ){
struct book b;
clrscr ( );
printf ( "enter no of pages, author, price of book");
scanf ("%d%s%f", &b.pages, b.author, &b.price);
printf("Details of book are");
printf("pages =%d, author = %s, price = %f", b.pages, b.author, b.price);
getch();
}

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Example

Following is another example of structures −

Live Demo

#include
struct aaa{
struct aaa *prev;
int i;
struct aaa *next;
};
main(){
struct aaa abc,def,ghi,jkl;
int x=100;
abc.i=0;
abc.prev=&jkl;
abc.next=&def;
def.i=1;
def.prev=&abc;
def.next=&ghi;
ghi.i=2;ghi.prev=&def;
ghi.next=&jkl;
jkl.i=3;
jkl.prev=&ghi;
jkl.next=&abc;
x=abc.next->next->prev->next->i;
printf("%d",x);
}

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输出

2

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