Oracle Auto Trace是Oracle数据库中的一个功能,可以对SQL语句的执行情况进行跟踪和分析,从而帮助我们了解SQL查询的性能瓶颈和优化建议。下面我们来介绍一下如何使用Oracle Auto Trace。
首先,我们需要在SQL语句前加上 SET AUTOTRACE ON; 的语句。例如:
SET AUTOTRACE ON;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE department_id = 30;
这样我们就可以启用Oracle Auto Trace功能,获取对应SQL语句的执行计划和统计信息。例如:
SELECT STATEMENT
SORT AGGREGATE
COUNT(*)
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID EMPLOYEES
INDEX RANGE SCAN EMP_DEPARTMENT_IX
除了执行计划,我们还可以得到SQL语句的执行时间、I/O操作次数、CPU消耗等性能统计信息。例如:
Statistics
-------------------------------------------------
16 recursive calls
0 db block gets
8 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
526 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
520 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
我们还可以使用 SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY 语句,只获取SQL语句的执行计划,不获取性能统计信息。例如:
SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE department_id = 30;
这样我们就可以得到SQL语句的执行计划,但是没有性能统计信息。
Oracle Auto Trace还可以指定不同的输出格式和排序方式,以便更好地理解和分析SQL语句的执行情况。例如,我们可以使用 SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY EXPLAIN FORMAT CSV SORT READSRDB 表示以CSV格式输出执行计划,按读取数据库块数排序。例如:
SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY EXPLAIN FORMAT CSV SORT READSRDB;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE department_id = 30;
输出结果如下:
"ID","OPERATION","NAME","ROWS","BYTES","COST","READ SRD-BLKs"
"0","SELECT STATEMENT","","1","","2","8"
"1","SORT AGGREGATE","","1","1","2","8"
"2","TABLE ACCESS","EMPLOYEES","1","12","1","8"
"3","INDEX","EMP_DEPARTMENT_IX","","","",""
通过不同的输出格式和排序方式,我们可以更加清晰和直观地了解SQL语句的执行情况,进一步优化SQL查询的性能。
总之,Oracle Auto Trace是一个非常有用的工具,可以帮助开发者和DBA快速定位SQL性能瓶颈,并给出优化建议。我们只需要在SQL语句前加上 SET AUTOTRACE ON; 的语句,就可以获取SQL语句的执行计划和性能统计信息,进而针对性地进行优化。同时,我们还可以通过设置不同的输出格式和排序方式,更加清晰和直观地了解SQL语句的执行情况。赶快试试吧!