Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6安装Oracle 12CR2-每日运维

2.1、hosts文件配置
2.2、配置语言环境
2.3、修改 /dev/shm大小
2.4、创建数据库用户组和系统用户
2.5、创建数据库安装目录并授权
2.6、配置YUM源
2.7、安装Oracle数据库所需软件包
2.8、配置内核参数
2.9、修改资源限制参数
2.10、控制给用户分配的资源
2.11、关闭透明页
2.12、关闭numa功能
2.13、禁用SELINUX
2.14、修改时区
2.15、关闭防火墙
2.16、设置系统默认字符界面启动
2.17、配置Oracle用户环境变量
2.18、重启操作系统

三、安装Oracle数据库

1、下载Oracle数据库软件
2、安装Oracle数据库软件

2.1、上传Oracle数据库安装软件到服务器并解压
2.2、操作系统启动VNC服务
2.3、使用VNC客户端连接服务器
2.4、运行Oracle数据库安装向导以安装Oracle数据

3、创建监听

3.1、监听的启停与状态查看

4、创建数据库

四、Oracle数据库安装后的操作

1、登录数据库
2、数据库基础配置查看

2.1、查看数据库版本信息
2.2、查看数据库基础信息
2.3、查看数据库字符集
2.4、查看数据库块大小
2.5、查看SGA和PGA大小
2.6、查看进程数
2.7、查看游标数

3、数据库基础维护

3.1、取消180天密码过期限制
3.2、关闭审计
3.3、修改最大进程数
3.4、修改游标数
3.5、调整undo大小
3.6、调整db_files

五、Oracle数据库的启停

1、启动
2、停止

六、总结
七、写在后面

一、前言

欢迎阅读本篇技术文档，本文将为您提供关于在Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6操作系统上安装Oracle 12CR2数据库的详细过程。在开始之前，请确保您已经具备一定的Linux系统管理和Oracle数据库知识。本文档假设您对Linux操作系统和Oracle数据库有一定的了解，并已经熟悉基本的命令行操作。希望本文档能够为您提供有价值的信息，并使您能够成功安装和配置Oracle 12CR2数据库。

二、安装前准备

1、环境规划

2、Linux系统参数设置

2.1、hosts文件配置

[root@hellodba ~]# echo "192.168.0.57 hellodba" >> /etc/hosts [root@hellodba ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.0.57 hellodba

2.2、配置语言环境

[root@hellodba ~]# echo "export LANG=en_US.UTF-8" >> ~/.bash_profile [root@hellodba ~]# source ~/.bash_profile

2.3、修改 /dev/shm大小

[root@hellodba ~]# df -h /dev/shm Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm [root@hellodba ~]# echo "none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=16384m 0 0" >> /etc/fstab [root@hellodba ~]# mount -o remount /dev/shm [root@hellodba ~]# df -h /dev/shm Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm

//关于/dev/shm 在Linux系统中,'/dev/shm'目录是一个特殊的目录,用于实现共享内存,默认是系统内存的50%。它是一个临时文件系统,通常位于RAM(内存)中,而不是硬盘上,并且在系统重启时会被清空。因此,'/dev/shm'目录只适合用于短期存储和进程间通信,不能用于长期存储数据。 '/dev/shm'大小应该大于SGA+PGA的总内存大小,在Linux系统上,如果操作系统'/dev/shm'装载大小对于Oracle系统全局区域(SGA)和程序全局区域(PGA)来说太小,则会导致ORA-00845错误。

2.4、创建数据库用户组和系统用户

[root@hellodba ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall [root@hellodba ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba [root@hellodba ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper [root@hellodba ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba [root@hellodba ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 kmdba [root@hellodba ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,kmdba oracle [root@hellodba ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

2.5、创建数据库安装目录并授权

[root@hellodba ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2/dbhome_1 [root@hellodba ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory [root@hellodba ~]# mkdir -p /oradata [root@hellodba ~]# mkdir -p /backup [root@hellodba ~]# mkdir -p /archive [root@hellodba ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle [root@hellodba ~]# chown -R oracle:dba /oradata [root@hellodba ~]# chown -R oracle:dba /backup [root@hellodba ~]# chown -R oracle:dba /archive [root@hellodba ~]# chmod -R 775 /oracle [root@hellodba ~]# chmod -R 775 /oradata [root@hellodba ~]# chmod -R 775 /backup [root@hellodba ~]# chmod -R 775 /archive

2.6、配置YUM源

//挂载光驱 [root@hellodba ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

//配置YUM源 [root@hellodba ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d [root@hellodba yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak [root@hellodba yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak [root@hellodba yum.repos.d]# echo "[EL]" >> hellodba.repo [root@hellodba yum.repos.d]# echo "name=Linux 7.6 DVD" >> hellodba.repo [root@hellodba yum.repos.d]# echo "baseurl=file:///mnt" >> hellodba.repo [root@hellodba yum.repos.d]# echo "gpgcheck=0" >> hellodba.repo [root@hellodba yum.repos.d]# echo "enabled=1" >> hellodba.repo

2.7、安装Oracle数据库所需软件包

[root@hellodba ~]# yum -y install smartmontools yum -y install libXrender* yum -y install libgcc* yum -y install bc* yum -y install autoconf yum -y install automake yum -y install binutils yum -y install binutils-devel yum -y install bison yum -y install cpp yum -y install dos2unix yum -y install gcc yum -y install gcc-c++ yum -y install lrzsz yum -y install python-devel yum -y install compat-db* yum -y install compat-gcc-34 yum -y install compat-gcc-34-c++ yum -y install compat-libcap1 yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33 yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 yum -y install glibc-* yum -y install glibc-*.i686 yum -y install libXpm-*.i686 yum -y install libXp.so.6 yum -y install libXt.so.6 yum -y install libXtst.so.6 yum -y install libXext yum -y install libXext.i686 yum -y install libXtst yum -y install libXtst.i686 yum -y install libX11 yum -y install libX11.i686 yum -y install libXau yum -y install libXau.i686 yum -y install libxcb yum -y install libxcb.i686 yum -y install libXi yum -y install libXi.i686 yum -y install libXtst yum -y install libstdc++-docs yum -y install libgcc_s.so.1 yum -y install libstdc++.i686 yum -y install libstdc++-devel yum -y install libstdc++-devel.i686 yum -y install libaio yum -y install libaio.i686 yum -y install libaio-devel yum -y install libaio-devel.i686 yum -y install ksh yum -y install libXp yum -y install libaio-devel yum -y install numactl yum -y install numactl-devel yum -y install make yum -y install sysstat yum -y install unixODBC yum -y install unixODBC-devel yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97 yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel yum -y install redhat-lsb-core yum -y install *vnc*

2.8、配置内核参数

[root@hellodba ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf #ORACLE SETTING #可以拥有的异步IO请求数 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 #允许文件句柄的最大数目 fs.file-max = 6815744 #信号参数 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 #IP V4的端口范围 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #启用反向过滤 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 #启动IP数据包转发 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 #缓存区的缺省值 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 #缓存区的最大值 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 #发送缓存区的缺省值 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 #发送缓存区的最大值 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 #当系统检测到oops时,重新启动系统,以便系统能够重新初始化恢复正常工作 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 #单个共享内存段最大值,让数据库在一个共享段里面的可以容纳整个SGA #SGA=物理内存*80%*80% PGA=物理内存*80%*20% #(kernel.shmmax = 物理内存*1024*1024*1024-1) kernel.shmmax = 9620726743 #控制共享内存页数(kernel.shmall = shmmax/4096) kernel.shmall = 2348810 #共享内存的最大数量 kernel.shmmni = 4096 #当系统内存使用90%的时候开始使用交换页面 vm.swappiness=10 #默认是100,增大这个参数设置了虚拟内存回收directory和i-node缓冲的倾向,这个值越大。越容易回收。 vm.vfs_cache_pressure=200 #大页内存,物理内存大于8G一定要配 (sga_max_size+1g) / 2M vm.nr_hugepages = 4000

[root@hellodba ~]# sysctl -p fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 kernel.shmmax = 9620726743 kernel.shmall = 2348810 kernel.shmmni = 4096 vm.swappiness = 10 vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 200 vm.nr_hugepages = 4000

2.9、修改资源限制参数

[root@hellodba ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf #ORACLE SETTING #打开文件描述符大小 oracle soft nproc 16384 oracle hard nproc 16384 #单个用户可用的进程数 oracle soft nofile 16384 oracle hard nofile 65536 #进程堆栈段的大小 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768 #内存锁,略低于物理内存 oracle hard memlock 14000000 oracle soft memlock 14000000

[root@hellodba ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf * soft nproc 16384

2.10、控制给用户分配的资源

[root@hellodba ~]# echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login

2.11、关闭透明页

// 开了大内存页,一定要关闭透明页,透明的 HugePages 可能会导致运行时内存分配延迟 [root@hellodba ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag [always] madvise never [root@hellodba ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled [always] madvise never [root@hellodba ~]# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled fi if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag fi

[root@hellodba ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local [root@hellodba ~]# init 6 [root@hellodba ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag always madvise [never] [root@hellodba ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled always madvise [never]

2.12、关闭numa功能

//NUMA关闭前 [root@hellodba ~]# dmesg | grep -i numa [ 0.000000] NUMA: Node 0 [mem 0x00000000-0x0009ffff] + [mem 0x00100000-0xbfffffff] -> [mem 0x00000000-0xbfffffff] [ 0.000000] NUMA: Node 0 [mem 0x00000000-0xbfffffff] + [mem 0x100000000-0x43fffffff] -> [mem 0x00000000-0x43fffffff]


[root@hellodba ~]# vi /etc/default/grub

将 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"

改 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off"

[root@hellodba ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg

//MUMA关闭后 [root@hellodba ~]# dmesg | grep -i numa [ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=22013bb0-679e-4f14-9797-92f3d0948444 ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off [ 0.000000] NUMA turned off [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=22013bb0-679e-4f14-9797-92f3d0948444 ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off

2.13、禁用SELINUX

[root@hellodba ~]# getenforce Enforcing [root@hellodba ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config 将 SELINUX=enforcing 改 SELINUX= disabled [root@hellodba ~]# setenforce 0 [root@hellodba ~]# getenforce Permissive

2.14、修改时区

[root@hellodba ~]# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime [root@hellodba ~]# hwclock

2.15、关闭防火墙

//关闭防火墙 [root@hellodba ~]# systemctl stop firewalld


//查看防火墙状态

[root@hellodba ~]# systemctl status firewalld

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2023-09-18 22:55:16 CST; 4s ago

     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

  Process: 9986 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

 Main PID: 9986 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Sep 18 20:42:57 hellodba systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...

Sep 18 20:42:57 hellodba systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

Sep 18 22:55:15 hellodba systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...

Sep 18 22:55:16 hellodba systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

//禁止开机启动防火墙 [root@hellodba ~]# systemctl disable firewalld Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

2.16、设置系统默认字符界面启动

[root@hellodba ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target [root@hellodba ~]# systemctl get-default multi-user.target

2.17、配置Oracle用户环境变量

[root@hellodba ~]# su - oracle [oracle@hellodba ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile export PS1 export TMP=/tmp export TZ=Asia/Shanghai export LANG=en_US.UTF8 export TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_UNQNAME=hellodb ORACLE_SID=hellodb; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT #设置Oracle客户端字符集,必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致,否则出现数据导入导出中文乱码问题 #NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8;export NLS_LANG PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG umask=022 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -u 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi

[oracle@hellodba ~]$ env | grep ORACLE ORACLE_UNQNAME=hellodb ORACLE_SID=hellodb ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle ORACLE_TERM=xterm ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2/dbhome_1

2.18、重启操作系统

[root@hellodba ~]# reboot

三、安装Oracle数据库

1、下载Oracle数据库软件

https://edelivery.oracle.com/osdc/faces/SoftwareDelivery

2、安装Oracle数据库软件

2.1、上传Oracle数据库安装软件到服务器并解压

[root@hellodba ~]# su - oracle [oracle@hellodba ~]$ cd /backup [oracle@hellodba backup]$ ll -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 3453696911 Sep 19 09:55 linuxx64_12201_database.zip [oracle@hellodba backup]$ unzip -q linuxx64_12201_database.zip [oracle@hellodba backup]$ ll drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 117 Jan 27 2017 database -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 3453696911 Sep 19 09:55 linuxx64_12201_database.zip

[root@hellodba ~]# su - oracle [oracle@hellodba ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME [oracle@hellodba dbhome_1]$ unzip -q /backup/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip

2.2、操作系统启动VNC服务

//以oracle用户启动VNC服务 [oracle@hellodba ~]$ vncserver


You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:

Verify:

Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n

A view-only password is not used

xauth:  file /home/oracle/.Xauthority does not exist
New 'hellodba:1 (oracle)' desktop is hellodba:1

Creating default startup script /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup Creating default config /home/oracle/.vnc/config Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/hellodba:1.log

2.3、使用VNC客户端连接服务器

2.4、运行Oracle数据库安装向导以安装Oracle数据

[oracle@hellodba ~]$ cd /backup/database/ [oracle@hellodba database]$ ./runInstaller

[root@hellodba ~]# /oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /oracle/app/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.


Changing groupname of /oracle/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.
[root@hellodba ~]# /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2/dbhome_1/root.sh

Performing root user operation.
The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2/dbhome_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] : 
Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA - User Mode) is available at :

    /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2/dbhome_1/suptools/tfa/release/tfa_home/bin/tfactl
OR

Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA - Daemon Mode) can be installed by running this script : /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2/dbhome_1/suptools/tfa/release/tfa_home/install/roottfa.sh

3、创建监听

[oracle@hellodba ~]$ netca

3.1、监听的启停与状态查看

//关闭监听 [oracle@hellodba ~]$ lsnrctl stop


LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-SEP-2023 22:03:01
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hellodba)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully
//启动监听

[oracle@hellodba ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-SEP-2023 22:03:06
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Starting /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hellodba/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hellodba)(PORT=1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hellodba)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                19-SEP-2023 22:03:06

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hellodba/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hellodba)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully
//监听状态查看

[oracle@hellodba ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-SEP-2023 22:03:55
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hellodba)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 19-SEP-2023 22:03:06 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 49 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hellodba/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hellodba)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Services Summary... Service "hellodb" has 1 instance(s). Instance "hellodb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "hellodbXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "hellodb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully

4、创建数据库

[oracle@hellodba ~]$ dbca

四、Oracle数据库安装后的操作

1、登录数据库

[root@hellodba ~]# su - oracle [oracle@hellodba ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> select open_mode from v$database; OPEN_MODE ------------------------------------------------------------ READ WRITE

2、数据库基础配置查看

2.1、查看数据库版本信息

SQL> select banner from v$version; BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production CORE 12.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production

2.2、查看数据库基础信息

SQL> select name,log_mode,open_mode,platform_name,db_unique_name from v$database; NAME LOG_MODE OPEN_MODE PLATFORM_NAME DB_UNIQUE_NAME ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HELLODB NOARCHIVELOG READ WRITE Linux x86 64-bit hellodb

2.3、查看数据库字符集

SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters; PARAMETER VALUE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NLS_RDBMS_VERSION 12.2.0.1.0 NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE NLS_COMP BINARY NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY $ NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM NLS_SORT BINARY NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS ., NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET UTF8 NLS_CHARACTERSET AL32UTF8 NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA NLS_CURRENCY $ NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA NLS_LANGUAGE AMERICAN

2.4、查看数据库块大小

SQL> show parameter db_block_size; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_block_size integer 8192

2.5、查看SGA和PGA大小

SQL> show parameter sga; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ allow_group_access_to_sga boolean FALSE lock_sga boolean FALSE pre_page_sga boolean TRUE sga_max_size big integer 7872M sga_min_size big integer 0 sga_target big integer 7872M unified_audit_sga_queue_size integer 1048576

SQL> show parameter pga; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ pga_aggregate_limit big integer 3174M pga_aggregate_target big integer 1587M

2.6、查看进程数

SQL> show parameter processes; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ aq_tm_processes integer 1 asm_io_processes integer 20 db_writer_processes integer 1 gcs_server_processes integer 0 global_txn_processes integer 1 job_queue_processes integer 4000 log_archive_max_processes integer 4 processes integer 320

2.7、查看游标数

SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ open_cursors integer 300

3、数据库基础维护

3.1、取消180天密码过期限制

SQL> select profile,resource_name,resource_type,limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and RESOURCE_NAME='PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME'; PROFILE RESOURCE_NAME RESOURCE_TYPE LIMIT ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ DEFAULT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME PASSWORD 180


SQL> alter profile default limit password_life_time unlimited;

3.2、关闭审计

SQL> show parameter audit_trail; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ audit_trail string DB

SQL> alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile; (重启数据库生效)

3.3、修改最大进程数

SQL> alter system set processes=1000 scope=spfile; (重启数据库生效)

3.4、修改游标数

//将 open_cursors 改为和 processes 一样 SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ open_cursors integer 300

SQL> alter system set open_cursors = 1000 scope=spfile; (重启数据库生效)

3.5、调整undo大小

SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /oradata/hellodb/system01.dbf /oradata/hellodb/sysaux01.dbf /oradata/hellodb/undotbs01.dbf /oradata/hellodb/users01.dbf

SQL> alter database datafile '/oradata/hellodb/undotbs01.dbf' resize 30g;

3.6、调整db_files

SQL> show parameter db_files; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_files integer 200

SQL> alter system set db_files=1024 scope=spfile; (重启数据库生效)

五、Oracle数据库的启停

1、启动

[root@hellodba ~]# su - oracle [oracle@hellodba ~]$ lsnrctl start [oracle@hellodba ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> startup

2、停止

[root@hellodba ~]# su - oracle [oracle@hellodba ~]$ lsnrctl stop [oracle@hellodba ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> shutdown immediate;

六、总结

到此Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6 + Oracle 12CR2单机部署完毕，并进行了一些常规的设置。安装Oracle数据库需要有一定的专业知识和经验，在实际操作中，可能还会遇到其他问题和挑战，建议在进行安装之前详细阅读相关文档和指南，并确保有必要的技术支持和备份措施。希望通过本文对您搭建一套基于Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6 + Oracle 12CR2的数据库环境有一定帮助，祝顺利！

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6安装Oracle 12CR2

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