服务器安装配置python环境

安装 Miniconda

在 Linux 服务器中安装 Miniconda 的步骤如下。本次使用的是 Ubuntu 20.04 系统。

cd /home/ubuntu

# Anaconda
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/archive/Anaconda3-2023.07-2-Linux-x86_64.sh && 
bash Anaconda3-2023.07-2-Linux-x86_64.sh && 
rm -rf Anaconda3-2023.07-2-Linux-x86_64.sh

# Miniconda
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh && 
bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh && 
rm -rf Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

source ~/.bashrc

conda create -n work python=3.10 && conda activate work

python -m pip install --upgrade pip && 
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

pip install torch torchvision matplotlib jupyterlab 
  flopy smt gstools seaborn scikit-opt

screen -S work && conda activate work

mkdir -p /home/ubuntu/work

 jupyter lab 
  --notebook-dir=/home/ubuntu/mount0/Python 
  --ip=0.0.0.0 
  --port=8888 
  --NotebookApp.token=123456 
  --no-browser --allow-root

cd /home/ubuntu/work 
wget https://github.com/MODFLOW-USGS/executables/releases/latest/download/linux.zip 
unzip linux.zip -d ./modflow

设置开机自启

如果服务器常年不断电，则使用 Screen 持久化运行体验良好。

但本人物理机设置了一周一次重启，每次重启后都要重新启动 Jupyter lab 实在太过麻烦。

因此将 Jupyter lab 设为开机自动启动。具体步骤如下:

sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/jupyter.service

[Unit]
Description=Jupyter Lab

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/bin/bash -c "/home/ubuntu/miniconda3/envs/work/bin/jupyter lab --notebook-dir=/home/ubuntu/mount0/Python --ip=0.0.0.0 --port=8888 --NotebookApp.token=123456 --no-browser --allow-root"
User=ubuntu
WorkingDirectory=/home/ubuntu/mount0/Python
Restart=always
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

❝

需要注意，如果直接用 jupyter lab 启动服务会返回报错，这是因为一方面 conda 未必有系统环境变量，另一方面安装的 jupyter lab 本身也未必在 conda 的 base 环境里。

因此，应使用完整路径来指定 conda 环境中的 Jupyter Lab 可执行文件，如本次为: /home/ubuntu/miniconda3/envs/work/bin/jupyter lab。❞

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl start jupyter.service

sudo systemctl status jupyter.service

此时输出以下内容则说明配置成功:

● jupyter.service - Jupyter Lab
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/jupyter.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-09-19 11:11:20 CST; 1h 12min ago
   Main PID: 665 (jupyter-lab)
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 28657)
     Memory: 108.7M
     CGroup: /system.slice/jupyter.service
             └─665 /home/ubuntu/miniconda3/envs/work/bin/python /home/ubuntu/miniconda3/envs/work/bin/jupyt>
......