如何使用Prometheus监控MongoDB集群

数据运维 2023-11-01 大猫手机阅读

什么是MongoDB

MongoDB是一种非关系型数据库管理系统（NoSQL），它被设计用于存储和检索大量数据，特别适用于处理大数据和实时应用程序。MongoDB的名称源自"humongous"（巨大的）这个词，它强调了MongoDB的优势，即能够轻松处理大规模的数据。以下是MongoDB的一些关键特点和概念：

非关系型数据存储：与传统的关系型数据库不同，MongoDB不使用表格结构，而是采用文档存储模型。数据以文档的形式存储，通常使用JSON或类似的格式，这使得MongoDB更加灵活，可以存储各种不同结构的数据。

高度可扩展：MongoDB是一个分布式数据库系统，可以在多台服务器上运行。它支持水平扩展，可以通过添加更多的服务器来增加存储容量和处理能力，以应对大规模数据和高负载的需求。

强大的查询语言：MongoDB提供了丰富的查询和索引功能，使您可以轻松地检索数据、筛选数据和执行聚合操作。

高性能：MongoDB的设计目标之一是提供高性能的读写操作。它使用内存映射文件来加速数据访问，同时支持垂直分割和水平分割以提高性能。

复制和故障容忍性：MongoDB支持数据复制，可以在多个服务器之间复制数据，以提供冗余和故障容忍性。如果一个服务器出现故障，系统可以自动切换到备用服务器。

开源和活跃的社区：MongoDB是开源的，拥有庞大的社区支持和活跃的开发团队。这意味着它不仅免费，还有许多可用的工具和扩展，以满足各种不同的需求。

MongoDB广泛用于各种应用程序，包括Web应用程序、大数据分析、物联网（IoT）应用程序、日志管理和许多其他领域，因为它的灵活性和可扩展性使其适用于各种不同类型的数据存储需求。

实现背景

在实际企业环境中，MongoDB需要多节点部署组成一个集群，可用于确保高可用性、容量扩展、负载均衡和数据备份。此时需要对整个MongoDB集群进行监控，持续关注集群的健康状况。因此我们使用MongoDB Exporter将指标转换为Prometheus的数据类型。最后通过Prometheus进行收集Mongodb集群的监控指标，并采用Grafana可视化。

创建StorageClasses

基于NFS创建StorageClasses,作为Mongodb集群持久化存储。

 # 创建StorageClasses
$ kubectl apply -f sc.yml
storageclass.storage.k8s.io/kubesre-nfs created
 
# 查看StorageClasses
$ kubectl get storageclasses.storage.k8s.io
NAME                 PROVISIONER                RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE      ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
kubesre-nfs          example.com/external-nfs   Delete          Immediate              false                  63s
standard (default)   rancher.io/local-path      Delete          WaitForFirstConsumer   false                  13d

MaongoDB集群部署

通过Helm方式进行部署MongoDB集群

 # 添加Helm仓库
$ helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
"bitnami" has been added to your repositories
 
# 搜索 MangoDB
$ helm repo update
Hang tight while we grab the latest from your chart repositories...
...Successfully got an update from the "higress.io" chart repository
...Successfully got an update from the "bitnami" chart repository
...Successfully got an update from the "ingress-nginx" chart repository
Update Complete. ⎈Happy Helming!⎈
 
$ helm search repo mongodb
NAME                    CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
bitnami/mongodb         13.18.4       6.0.10      MongoDB(R) is a relational open source NoSQL da...
bitnami/mongodb-sharded 6.6.6         6.0.10      MongoDB(R) is an open source NoSQL database tha...
 
# 将MongoDB Chat下载到本地
$ mkdir mongodb && cd mongodb
$ helm pull bitnami/mongodb
$ tar zxf mongodb-13.18.4.tgz
$ cp mongodb/values.yaml ./values-test.yaml
 
# 修改values-test.yaml
$ cat values-test.yaml 
 
## 配置文件中定义 storageClass: ""，会使用集群配置的 openebs 提供的 storageClass，
## 使用此文档部署，需要自行解决 storageClass 问题 (ceph, nfs, 公有云提供的 nfs)
 
global:
  # 定义 storageClass 使用的类型
  storageClass: "nfs-client"
 
# 定义 mongodb 集群为副本集模式
architecture: replicaset
 
# 启动集群认证功能，设置超级管理员账户密码
auth:
  enabled: true
  rootUser: root
  rootPassword: "root"
 
# 设置集群数量，3个
replicaCount: 3
 
# 启用持久化存储，使用 global.storageClass 自动创建 pvc 
persistence:
  enabled: true
  size: 20Gi
 
 
# 安装MongoDB集群
helm install mongodb-cluster mongodb -f ./values-test.yaml
NAME: mongodb-cluster
LAST DEPLOYED: Tue Sep 19 15:54:36 2023
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
CHART NAME: mongodb
CHART VERSION: 13.18.4
APP VERSION: 6.0.10
 
** Please be patient while the chart is being deployed **
 
MongoDB® can be accessed on the following DNS name(s) and ports from within your cluster:
 
    mongodb-cluster-0.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017
    mongodb-cluster-1.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017
    mongodb-cluster-2.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017
 
To get the root password run:
 
    export MONGODB_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace default mongodb-cluster -o jsonpath="{.data.mongodb-root-password}" | base64 -d)
 
To connect to your database, create a MongoDB® client container:
 
    kubectl run --namespace default mongodb-cluster-client --rm --tty -i --restart='Never' --env="MONGODB_ROOT_PASSWORD=$MONGODB_ROOT_PASSWORD" --image docker.io/bitnami/mongodb:6.0.10-debian-11-r0 --command -- bash
 
Then, run the following command:
    mongosh admin --host "mongodb-cluster-0.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017,mongodb-cluster-1.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017,mongodb-cluster-2.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017" --authenticationDatabase admin -u $MONGODB_ROOT_USER -p $MONGODB_ROOT_PASSWORD
 
# 查看运行状态
$ kubectl  get pods  | grep mongo
mongodb-cluster-0           1/1     Running   0               17m
mongodb-cluster-1           1/1     Running   0               6m42s
mongodb-cluster-2           1/1     Running   0               4m29s
mongodb-cluster-arbiter-0   1/1     Running   4 (7m51s ago)   20m

MongoDB Exporter 部署

接下来部署Mongodb Exporter：

 # 部署Mongodb Exporter
$ cat exporter.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: mongo-expoter
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mongo-expoter
    spec:
      containers:
        - args:
            - '--web.listen-address=:9104'
            - '--mongodb.uri'
            - >-
              mongodb://mongodb-cluster-0.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017,mongodb-cluster-1.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017,mongodb-cluster-2.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017/admin?authSource=admin
          image: 'percona/mongodb_exporter:0.39.0'
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: mongo-expoter
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 250m
              memory: 512Mi
 
$ kubectl apply -f exporter.yml
 
# 部署Mongodb Exporter Service
$ cat service.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mongo-exporter
spec:
  internalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ipFamilies:
    - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
    - port: 9104
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 9104
  selector:
    app: mongo-exporter
  type: ClusterIP
 
$ kubectl apply -f service.yml

到此Exporter部署完毕！

Prometheus安装

接下来需要创建一个Configmap 存储Prometheus 的配置映射：

 $ cat prometheus-cm.yml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  prometheus.yml: |-
    global:
      scrape_interval: 15s 
      evaluation_interval: 15s 
    scrape_configs:
      - job_name: "exporter"
        static_configs:
          - targets: ["mongo-exporter:9104"]
kind: ConfigMap
  name: prometheus
 
$ kubectl apply -f prometheus-cm.yml
 
# 部署Prometheus
$ cat prometheus.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
      name: prometheus-pod
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: prom/prometheus
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          name: prometheus
          ports:
            - containerPort: 9090
              name: metrics
              protocol: TCP
          resources: {}
          terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
          terminationMessagePolicy: File
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /etc/prometheus
              name: prometheus-config
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      restartPolicy: Always
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 15
      volumes:
        - configMap:
            defaultMode: 420
            items:
              - key: prometheus.yml
                path: prometheus.yml
            name: prometheus
          name: prometheus-config
 
 
# 创建Prometheus Service
$ cat prometheus-service.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: '2023-09-19T14:12:15Z'
  managedFields:
    - apiVersion: v1
      fieldsType: FieldsV1
      fieldsV1:
        'f:spec':
          'f:internalTrafficPolicy': {}
          'f:ipFamilyPolicy': {}
          'f:ports':
            .: {}
            'k:{"port":9090,"protocol":"TCP"}':
              .: {}
              'f:port': {}
              'f:protocol': {}
              'f:targetPort': {}
          'f:selector': {}
          'f:sessionAffinity': {}
          'f:type': {}
      manager: ACK-Console Apache-HttpClient
      operation: Update
      time: '2023-09-19T14:12:15Z'
  name: prometheues
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: '531698594'
  uid: 0187137d-6805-4179-9981-dfa5481b8d5e
spec:
  clusterIP: 172.25.7.25
  clusterIPs:
    - 172.25.7.25
  internalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ipFamilies:
    - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
    - port: 9090
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 9090
  selector:
    app: prometheus
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}
 
$ kubectl apply -f prometheus-service.yml

此时可以访问Prometheus控制台了：

Grafana 部署

开始部署Grafana喽：

 # 部署Grafana
$ cat grafana.yml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tool: grafana
      name: grafana-pod
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: grafana/grafana
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          name: grafana
          ports:
            - containerPort: 3000
              protocol: TCP
$ kubectl apply -f grafana.yml
# 创建Service
$ cat grafana-service.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
spec:
  internalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ipFamilies:
    - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
    - port: 3000
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 3000
  selector:
    tool: grafana
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
$ kubectl apply -f grafana-service.yml

可视化展示

访问Grafana：默认账户/密码：admin/admin

配置Prometheus数据源：

导入模版查看数据：

	# 创建StorageClasses
	$ kubectl apply -f sc.yml
	storageclass.storage.k8s.io/kubesre-nfs created

	# 查看StorageClasses
	$ kubectl get storageclasses.storage.k8s.io
	NAME PROVISIONER RECLAIMPOLICY VOLUMEBINDINGMODE ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION AGE
	kubesre-nfs example.com/external-nfs Delete Immediate false 63s
	standard (default) rancher.io/local-path Delete WaitForFirstConsumer false 13d

	# 添加Helm仓库
	$ helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
	"bitnami" has been added to your repositories

	# 搜索 MangoDB
	$ helm repo update
	Hang tight while we grab the latest from your chart repositories...
	...Successfully got an update from the "higress.io" chart repository
	...Successfully got an update from the "bitnami" chart repository
	...Successfully got an update from the "ingress-nginx" chart repository
	Update Complete. ⎈Happy Helming!⎈

	$ helm search repo mongodb
	NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
	bitnami/mongodb 13.18.4 6.0.10 MongoDB(R) is a relational open source NoSQL da...
	bitnami/mongodb-sharded 6.6.6 6.0.10 MongoDB(R) is an open source NoSQL database tha...

	# 将MongoDB Chat下载到本地
	$ mkdir mongodb && cd mongodb
	$ helm pull bitnami/mongodb
	$ tar zxf mongodb-13.18.4.tgz
	$ cp mongodb/values.yaml ./values-test.yaml

	# 修改values-test.yaml
	$ cat values-test.yaml

	## 配置文件中定义 storageClass: ""，会使用集群配置的 openebs 提供的 storageClass，
	## 使用此文档部署，需要自行解决 storageClass 问题 (ceph, nfs, 公有云提供的 nfs)

	global:
	# 定义 storageClass 使用的类型
	storageClass: "nfs-client"

	# 定义 mongodb 集群为副本集模式
	architecture: replicaset

	# 启动集群认证功能，设置超级管理员账户密码
	auth:
	enabled: true
	rootUser: root
	rootPassword: "root"

	# 设置集群数量，3个
	replicaCount: 3

	# 启用持久化存储，使用 global.storageClass 自动创建 pvc
	persistence:
	enabled: true
	size: 20Gi


	# 安装MongoDB集群
	helm install mongodb-cluster mongodb -f ./values-test.yaml
	NAME: mongodb-cluster
	LAST DEPLOYED: Tue Sep 19 15:54:36 2023
	NAMESPACE: default
	STATUS: deployed
	REVISION: 1
	TEST SUITE: None
	NOTES:
	CHART NAME: mongodb
	CHART VERSION: 13.18.4
	APP VERSION: 6.0.10

	Please be patient while the chart is being deployed

	MongoDB® can be accessed on the following DNS name(s) and ports from within your cluster:

	mongodb-cluster-0.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017
	mongodb-cluster-1.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017
	mongodb-cluster-2.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017

	To get the root password run:

	export MONGODB_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace default mongodb-cluster -o jsonpath="{.data.mongodb-root-password}" \| base64 -d)

	To connect to your database, create a MongoDB® client container:

	kubectl run --namespace default mongodb-cluster-client --rm --tty -i --restart='Never' --env="MONGODB_ROOT_PASSWORD=$MONGODB_ROOT_PASSWORD" --image docker.io/bitnami/mongodb:6.0.10-debian-11-r0 --command -- bash

	Then, run the following command:
	mongosh admin --host "mongodb-cluster-0.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017,mongodb-cluster-1.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017,mongodb-cluster-2.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017" --authenticationDatabase admin -u $MONGODB_ROOT_USER -p $MONGODB_ROOT_PASSWORD

	# 查看运行状态
	$ kubectl get pods \| grep mongo
	mongodb-cluster-0 1/1 Running 0 17m
	mongodb-cluster-1 1/1 Running 0 6m42s
	mongodb-cluster-2 1/1 Running 0 4m29s
	mongodb-cluster-arbiter-0 1/1 Running 4 (7m51s ago) 20m

	# 部署Mongodb Exporter
	$ cat exporter.yml
	apiVersion: apps/v1
	kind: Deployment
	metadata:
	name: mongo-expoter
	spec:
	template:
	metadata:
	labels:
	app: mongo-expoter
	spec:
	containers:
	- args:
	- '--web.listen-address=:9104'
	- '--mongodb.uri'
	- >-
	mongodb://mongodb-cluster-0.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017,mongodb-cluster-1.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017,mongodb-cluster-2.mongodb-cluster-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:27017/admin?authSource=admin
	image: 'percona/mongodb_exporter:0.39.0'
	imagePullPolicy: Always
	name: mongo-expoter
	resources:
	requests:
	cpu: 250m
	memory: 512Mi

	$ kubectl apply -f exporter.yml

	# 部署Mongodb Exporter Service
	$ cat service.yml
	apiVersion: v1
	kind: Service
	metadata:
	name: mongo-exporter
	spec:
	internalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
	ipFamilies:
	- IPv4
	ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
	ports:
	- port: 9104
	protocol: TCP
	targetPort: 9104
	selector:
	app: mongo-exporter
	type: ClusterIP

	$ kubectl apply -f service.yml

	$ cat prometheus-cm.yml
	apiVersion: v1
	data:
	prometheus.yml: \|-
	global:
	scrape_interval: 15s
	evaluation_interval: 15s
	scrape_configs:
	- job_name: "exporter"
	static_configs:
	- targets: ["mongo-exporter:9104"]
	kind: ConfigMap
	name: prometheus

	$ kubectl apply -f prometheus-cm.yml

	# 部署Prometheus
	$ cat prometheus.yml
	apiVersion: apps/v1
	kind: Deployment
	metadata:
	name: prometheus
	spec:
	template:
	metadata:
	labels:
	app: prometheus
	name: prometheus-pod
	spec:
	containers:
	- image: prom/prometheus
	imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
	name: prometheus
	ports:
	- containerPort: 9090
	name: metrics
	protocol: TCP
	resources: {}
	terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
	terminationMessagePolicy: File
	volumeMounts:
	- mountPath: /etc/prometheus
	name: prometheus-config
	dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
	restartPolicy: Always
	schedulerName: default-scheduler
	securityContext: {}
	terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 15
	volumes:
	- configMap:
	defaultMode: 420
	items:
	- key: prometheus.yml
	path: prometheus.yml
	name: prometheus
	name: prometheus-config


	# 创建Prometheus Service
	$ cat prometheus-service.yml
	apiVersion: v1
	kind: Service
	metadata:
	creationTimestamp: '2023-09-19T14:12:15Z'
	managedFields:
	- apiVersion: v1
	fieldsType: FieldsV1
	fieldsV1:
	'f:spec':
	'f:internalTrafficPolicy': {}
	'f:ipFamilyPolicy': {}
	'f:ports':
	.: {}
	'k:{"port":9090,"protocol":"TCP"}':
	.: {}
	'f:port': {}
	'f:protocol': {}
	'f:targetPort': {}
	'f:selector': {}
	'f:sessionAffinity': {}
	'f:type': {}
	manager: ACK-Console Apache-HttpClient
	operation: Update
	time: '2023-09-19T14:12:15Z'
	name: prometheues
	namespace: default
	resourceVersion: '531698594'
	uid: 0187137d-6805-4179-9981-dfa5481b8d5e
	spec:
	clusterIP: 172.25.7.25
	clusterIPs:
	- 172.25.7.25
	internalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
	ipFamilies:
	- IPv4
	ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
	ports:
	- port: 9090
	protocol: TCP
	targetPort: 9090
	selector:
	app: prometheus
	sessionAffinity: None
	type: ClusterIP
	status:
	loadBalancer: {}

	$ kubectl apply -f prometheus-service.yml

	# 部署Grafana
	$ cat grafana.yml
	apiVersion: apps/v1
	kind: Deployment
	metadata:
	name: grafana
	spec:
	template:
	metadata:
	labels:
	tool: grafana
	name: grafana-pod
	spec:
	containers:
	- image: grafana/grafana
	imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
	name: grafana
	ports:
	- containerPort: 3000
	protocol: TCP

	$ kubectl apply -f grafana.yml

	# 创建Service
	$ cat grafana-service.yml
	apiVersion: v1
	kind: Service
	metadata:
	name: grafana
	spec:
	internalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
	ipFamilies:
	- IPv4
	ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
	ports:
	- port: 3000
	protocol: TCP
	targetPort: 3000
	selector:
	tool: grafana
	sessionAffinity: None
	type: ClusterIP

	$ kubectl apply -f grafana-service.yml

如何使用Prometheus监控MongoDB集群

什么是MongoDB

实现背景

创建StorageClasses

MaongoDB集群部署

MongoDB Exporter 部署

Prometheus安装

Grafana 部署

可视化展示

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