oracle DBA常用 SQL 大全

1.查看表空间使用率。

set line 220select total.tablespace_name,round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB,round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB,round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct from (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) free,(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) total where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name order by used_pct desc;

1.1查询单个表空间使用率。

select total.tablespace_name,round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB,round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB,round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct from(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_free_space where tablespace_name='TBL_SPACE' group by tablespace_name) free,(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='TBL_SPACE' group by tablespace_name) totalwhere free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name order by used_pct desc;

2.查看临时表空间数据文件位置，大小，及是否自动扩展。

select tablespace_name,file_name,bytes/1024/1024 mb ,autoextensible from dba_data_files where tablespace_name in ('') order by tablespace_name;

select tablespace_name,file_name,bytes/1024/1024 file_size,autoextensible from dba_temp_files;

--查看所有临时表空间大小SELECT D.TABLESPACE_NAME,SPACE "SUM_SPACE(M)",BLOCKS SUM_BLOCKS, USED_SPACE "USED_SPACE(M)",ROUND(NVL(USED_SPACE,0)/SPACE*100,2) "USED_RATE(%)",NVL(FREE_SPACE,0) "FREE_SPACE(M)"FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(BYTES)/(1024*1024),2) SPACE,SUM(BLOCKS) BLOCKS FROM DBA_TEMP_FILES GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) D,(SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(BYTES_USED)/(1024*1024),2) USED_SPACE,ROUND(SUM(BYTES_FREE)/(1024*1024),2) FREE_SPACE FROM V$TEMP_SPACE_HEADERGROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME(+);

3.查看ASM磁盘空间。

select name,state,type,free_mb,total_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

4.查询oracle的连接数

select count(*) from v$session;

5.查看不同用户的连接数

select username,count(username) from v$session where username is not null group by username;

6.查看回收站

show recyclebin

7.清空回收站

PURGE recyclebin

8.删除表，不进入回收站

drop table tableName purge;

9.查询用户下所有创建表的语句

select'select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('||''''||'TABLE'||''''||','||''''||table_name||''''||') from dual;'||chr(10)||'select '||''''||'/'||''''|| ' from dual;' from user_tables;

10.查询当时创建用户的语句

select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('USER','USERNAME') from dual;

11.查询普通用户语句

select username from dba_users where account_status='OPEN';

12.修改数据文件大小

alter database datafile '&path_name' resize 10G;alter database datafile &{file_id} resize 10G;

13.添加数据文件

alter tablespace &tablespace_name ADD datafile '&datafile_name' SIZE xxx;

14.临时表空间扩容，填加临时表空间数据文件

ALTER TABLESPACE &tablespace_name ADD TEMPFILE '&datafile_name' SIZE xxx;

15.大文件表空间扩容

ALTER TABLESPACE &tablespace_name RESIZE xxx;

16.查询告警日志文件位置

show parameter dumpselect * from v$diag_info;

17.创建用户

create user username identified by password default tablespace dbdbs;

18.创建组

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

19.赋权

grant dba to user

20.查出锁的会话

select b.username,b.sid,b.serial#,logon_time from v$lock_object a,v$session b where a.session_id = b.sid order by b.logon_time;

21.查询数据库中所有用户下占用物理空间内存大小

select owner,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 MB from dba_segments group by owner;

22.日志切换

alter system switch logfile;

23.查看归档是否开启

archive log list;select log_mode from v$database;

24.开启归档

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+ARCH' scope=both sid='*';shu immediatestartup mount alter database archivelogalter database open

25.监听注册

sho parameter local_listeneralter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JiekeXu)(PORT = 1522))';alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.X.X.6)(PORT = 1521))' SID='JiekeDBR2' scope=both;

26.数据库注册监听

alter system register

27.创建DBLINK

create public database link HOconnect to SKDATA identified by oracleusing '(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.X.X.6)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = JiekeXuDB) ) )';

28.删除DBLINK

drop public database link &dblinkname;

29.查询DBLINK

select * from dba_db_links

30.查询本地用户登陆进程

ps -ef | grep LOCAL=NO ps -ef | grep LOCAL=NO | grep -v grep |awk '{print $2}'|wc -l

31.批量杀进程执行 ，注意检查oracle_sid。

ps -ef|grep $ORACLE_SID|grep -v ora_|grep LOCAL=NO|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9

32.查询系统检查点SCN的命令

select CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$database;

33.查询控制文件中数据文件的SCN命令

select name,file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;

34.数据文件头部的SCN号

select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

35. 控制文件中的数据文件终止scn

select name,last_change# from v$datafile;

36.解锁用户命令

alter user 用户名 account unlock; ----这个只会解锁账号，而不会取消密码过期。

37.设置密码无期限

ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED; --将概要文件(如default)的密码有效期由默认的180天修改成“无限制”（修改之后不需要重启动数据库，会立即生效）

38.查询字符集命令

select userenv ('language') from dual;

39.查询数据库里某个表空间里所占用的大小：

select OWNER,SEGMENT_TYPE,TABLESPACE_NAME,BYTES/1024/1024 as MB from dba_segments where TABLESPACE_NAME='01' order by 4 desc;

40关于DG认清主备库。

select d.NAME,d.LOG_MODE,d.OPEN_MODE,d.PROTECTION_MODE,d.DATABASE_ROLE from v$database d;名字，日志模式，开启模式，保护模式，数据库角色。其中数据库角色就是看主备库的.PRIMARY为主库 PHYSICAL STANDBY物理备库,LOGICAL STANDBY逻辑备库.在备库中查询：show parameter fal_server得出的值在与tns中找相匹配的server_name然后在寻找对应的IP地址。开启恢复SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session using current logfile;
ADG相关命令：--查看数据库状态select name,db_unique_name,database_role,protection_mode,open_mode from v$database; --查看相关进程select process,status,sequence# from v$managed_standby;--关闭mrp功能recover managed standby database cancel; --开启当前日志应用recover managed standby database disconnect from session using current logfile;---开启不同步当前日志应用alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;--查看归档路径状态select dest_id,error,status,log_sequence,applied_scn from v$archive_dest;---查询传输至备库的日志是否应用。SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

41.添加ASM磁盘所需命令

在AIX系统中查询新加入的盘符 lspv在AIX系统中查询盘空间大小：getconf DISK_SIZE /dev/hdisk1在数据库中查询ASM的中是否使用了此硬盘：col PATH for a44select GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,TOTAL_MB/1024,FREE_MB/1024,NAME,FAILGROUP,PATH,FAILGROUP_TYPE from v$asm_disk;

42. 使用轻松连接模式远程登录数据库

sqlplus sjglt/sjglt@1X.1XX.1X6.16:1521/orcl

43. 更改备份保存时间

alter system set control_file_record_keep_time=39;

44.查看asm磁盘使用哪些盘命令：

col name for a20col path for a20col FAILGROUP for a20select GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,TOTAL_MB/1024,FREE_MB/1024,NAME,FAILGROUP,PATH,FAILGROUP from v$asm_disk;

45.查询oracle连接最大值命令：

select resource_name,MAX_UTILIZATION,LIMIT_VALUE from v$resource_limit where resource_name in ('processes','sessions');
--MAX_UTILIZATION代表数据库自上次启动以来达到的最大值，--LIMIT_VALUE代表设置的最大值。

46.查询锁SQL:

select 'blocker('||lb.sid||':'||sb.username||')-sql:'|| qb.sql_text blockers,'waiter ('||lw.sid||':'||sw.username||')-sql:'|| qw.sql_text waitersfrom v$lock lb,v$lock lw,v$session sb,v$session sw,v$sql qb,v$sql qwwhere lb.sid=sb.sidand lw.sid=sw.sidand sb.prev_sql_addr=qb.addressand sw.sql_address=qw.addressand lb.id1=lw.id1and sw.lockwait is not nulland sb.lockwait is nulland lb.block=1 ;

47.查询数据库数据量

select sum（bytes）/1024/1024/1024 total_gb from dba_segments

48.查看 SQL 内容

select sql_fulltext from v$sqlarea where sql_id='&sql_id'

49.查看 SQL 的执行计划

select * from v$sql_plan where sql_id='&sql_id';

50.查看绑定变量

select * from v$sql_bind_capture sbc where sql_id='&sql_id';

51.关于rman归档问题

rman> crosscheck archivelog all;rman> delete noprompt expired archivelog all;rman> delete force noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate - 30';单节点：delete noprompt archivelog until sequence ${Seq};
rac（thread后面加节点数）:delete noprompt archivelog until sequence 1 thread ${CurThread};
删除7天前的归档：DELETE ARCHIVELOG ALL COMPLETED BEFORE 'SYSDATE-7';
按时间删除归档：delete force archivelog all completed before 'SYSDATA-1/24';
查看归档每天切换频率以及大小select max (first_time) max_first_time,to_char (first_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd') day,count (recid) count_number,count (recid) * 200 size_mbfrom v$log_historygroup by to_char (first_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd')order by 1;
按天计算日志生成量set pages 9999select to_char(first_time,'yyyymmdd'),count(*) from v$log_history group by to_char(first_time,'yyyymmdd') order by 1;

52.查看数据库引起锁表的SQL语句：

SELECT A.USERNAME,A.MACHINE,A.PROGRAM,A.SID,A.SERIAL#,A.STATUS,C.PIECE,C.SQL_TEXTFROM V$SESSION A,V$SQLTEXT CWHERE A.SID IN (SELECT DISTINCT T2.SIDFROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT T1,V$SESSION T2WHERE T1.SESSION_ID = T2.SID)AND A.SQL_ADDRESS = C.ADDRESS(+)ORDER BY C.PIECE;

53.查询DB负载情况

SELECT * FROM ( SELECT A.INSTANCE_NUMBER, A.SNAP_ID, B.BEGIN_INTERVAL_TIME + 0 BEGIN_TIME, B.END_INTERVAL_TIME + 0 END_TIME, ROUND(VALUE - LAG( VALUE, 1 , '0') OVER(ORDER BY A.INSTANCE_NUMBER, A.SNAP_ID)) "DB TIME" FROM (SELECT B.SNAP_ID, INSTANCE_NUMBER, SUM(VALUE ) / 1000000 / 60 VALUE FROM DBA_HIST_SYS_TIME_MODEL B WHERE B.DBID = (SELECT DBID FROM V$DATABASE) AND UPPER (B.STAT_NAME) IN UPPER(('DB TIME' )) GROUP BY B.SNAP_ID, INSTANCE_NUMBER) A, DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT B WHERE A.SNAP_ID = B.SNAP_ID AND B.DBID = (SELECT DBID FROM V$DATABASE) AND B.INSTANCE_NUMBER = A.INSTANCE_NUMBER) WHERE TO_CHAR(BEGIN_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE , 'YYYY-MM-DD') ORDER BY BEGIN_TIME;

54.杀应用连接

ps -ef |grep LOCAL=NO |awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9

55.查询某个时间点的scn

select timestamp_to_scn(to_timestamp('2021-01-06 10:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')) from dual;

56.闪回到某个scn点：（闪回前请先进行备份）

alter table tb_flash1 enable row movementflashback table tb_flash1 to 115398523;

57.查询数据库最近一次重启时间

alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';select startup_time from v$instance;

58.查看日志每小时文件切换频率

column h0 format 999column h1 format 999column h2 format 999column h3 format 999column h4 format 999column h5 format 999column h6 format 999column h7 format 999column h8 format 999column h9 format 999column h10 format 999column h11 format 999column h12 format 999column h13 format 999column h14 format 999column h15 format 999column h16 format 999column h17 format 999column h18 format 999column h19 format 999column h20 format 999column h21 format 999column h22 format 999column h23 format 999column avg format 999.99column day format a6SELECT TRUNC (first_time) "Date", TO_CHAR (first_time, 'Dy') "Day", COUNT (1) "Total",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '00', 1, 0)) h0,SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '01', 1, 0)) "h1",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '02', 1, 0)) "h2",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '03', 1, 0)) "h3",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '04', 1, 0)) "h4",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '05', 1, 0)) "h5",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '06', 1, 0)) "h6",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '07', 1, 0)) "h7",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '08', 1, 0)) "h8",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '09', 1, 0)) "h9",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '10', 1, 0)) "h10",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '11', 1, 0)) "h11",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '12', 1, 0)) "h12",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '13', 1, 0)) "h13",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '14', 1, 0)) "h14",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '15', 1, 0)) "h15",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '16', 1, 0)) "h16",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '17', 1, 0)) "h17",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '18', 1, 0)) "h18",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '19', 1, 0)) "h19",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '20', 1, 0)) "h20",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '21', 1, 0)) "h21",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '22', 1, 0)) "h22",SUM (DECODE (TO_CHAR (first_time, 'hh24'), '23', 1, 0)) "h23", to_char(ROUND (COUNT (1) / 24, 2),'fm99999999990.00') "Avg"FROM gv$log_historyWHERE first_time >= trunc(SYSDATE) - 30and thread# = inst_idGROUP BY TRUNC (first_time), TO_CHAR (first_time, 'Dy')ORDER BY 1 DESC;

59.更改会话时间显示格式

alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';

60.查阻塞

col username for a15col program for a30col event for a30select sid,serial#,username,blocking_session,last_call_et,prev_sql_id,final_blocking_session,event,machine,program,WAIT_TIME from gv$session where blocking_session is not null;

61.查看表的统计信息

select OWNER,TABLE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME,NUM_ROWS,BLOCKS,EMPTY_BLOCKS,AVG_SPACE,CHAIN_CNT,AVG_ROW_LEN,SAMPLE_SIZE,ROW_MOVEMENT,PARTITIONED,GLOBAL_STATS,USER_STATS,to_char(LAST_ANALYZED,'YYYY-MM-DD') from dba_tables where table_name='&1';

62.查看执行计划

select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('&sql_id',null,'ADVANCED ALLSTATS LAST PEEKED_BINDS'));

63.查看 SQL 执行计划是否发生改变

select distinct SQL_ID,PLAN_HASH_VALUE,to_char(TIMESTAMP,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') TIMESTAMP from dba_hist_sql_plan where SQL_ID='&1' order by TIMESTAMP;

64.SYS 临时切换到普通用户

alter session set current_schema=Scott;

65.根据PID查登陆用户及时间 

select s.SID,s.SERIAL#,s.LOGON_TIME,s.OSUSER,s.USERNAME,s.STATUS,s.PROGRAM from v$session s where s.SID in(select sid from v$session where paddr in (select addr from v$process where spid in ( 30342,30076,28599,13151 ) ));

66.杀会话

select 'alter system kill session '''||sid||','||serial#||'''; 'from v$session s where s.STATUS='INACTIVE' and LOGON_TIME，temporary|undo（创建撤销表空间）2>，teblespace_name 3>，datafile|tempfile'file_name'4>，size5>，reuse 若存在，则删掉并重新创建6>，autoextend off|on7>, next number 自动扩展的大小8>，maxsize unlimited|number 指定数据文件最大大小9>，mininum extent number 盘区可以分配到的最小尺寸10>，blocksize number 设置数据块大小11>，online|offline 12>，logging|nologging13>，force logging 强制表空间数据库对象任何操作都产生日志，否定 1214，default storage storage 指定保存在表空间中的数据库对象默认存储参数15>，compress|nocompress 是否压缩数据（消除列中的重复值）16>，permanent|temporary 指定表空间中数据的保存形式17>，extent management dictionary（数据字典形式管理）|local（本地化形式管理）18>，autoallocate|uniform size number 右边为指定表中盘区大小 19>，segment space management auto |manual 指定表空间中段的管理方式

3，查看表空间属性

SELECT * FROM  dba_tablespace wheretablespace_name = '表空间名';

4, 修改表空间状态、名字

alter tablespace 表空间名 表空间状态;alter tablespace 表空间名 1 rename to 表空间名 2;

5，查看闪回区 、快速恢复区空间使用率

select sum(percent_space_used)||'%' "已使用空间比例" from V$RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE;或select round(100*(a.space_used/space_limit),2)||'%' "已使用空间比例",a.* from v$recovery_file_dest a;

6，利用数据字典查看空闲空间信息

SELECT * FROM dba_free_space WHERE tablespace_name = '表空间名称';

7, 利用数据字典查看表空间数据文件信息

SELECT * FROM dba_data_files wheretablespace_name = '表空间名称';

8, 修改表空间对应的数据文件大小

alter databasedatafile '表空间文件路径名称'resize 大小

9、根据 sid 查 spid 或根据 spid 查 sid

select s.sid,s.serial#,p.spid,s.terminal,s.LOGON_TIME,s.status,s.PROGRAM,s.CLIENT_IDENTIFIER,s.machine,s.action,s.MODULE,s.PROCESS "客户端机器进程号",s.osuser from v$session s,v$process p where  s.paddr=p.addr and s.sid=XX or p.spid=YY;

10、查询堵塞别的会话超过30分钟且自身是不活动的会话

select username,sid,serial#,status,seconds_in_wait,LAST_CALL_ET from v$session where sid in (select FINAL_BLOCKING_SESSION from v$session where state='WAITING' and BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS='VALID' and FINAL_BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS='VALID') and status='INACTIVE' and sql_id is null and seconds_in_wait>1800;

11、查询正在执行的 SCHEDULER_JOB

select owner,job_name,sid,b.SERIAL#,b.username,spid from ALL_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS,v$session b,v$process where session_id=sid and paddr=addr;

12、查询正在执行的 dbms_job

select job,b.sid,b.SERIAL#,b.username,spid from DBA_JOBS_RUNNING a ,v$session b,v$process where a.sid=b.sid and paddr=addr;

13、查询当前正在消耗临时空间的 SQL 语句

Select distinct se.username,se.sid,su.blocks * to_number(rtrim(p.value))/1024/1024 as space_G,su.tablespace,sql_textfrom V$TEMPSEG_USAGE su, v$parameter p, v$session se, v$sql swhere p.name = 'db_block_size' and su.session_addr=se.saddr     and su.sqlhash=s.hash_value and su.sqladdr=s.address and se.STATUS='ACTIVE';

14、查看临时表空间使用率

SELECT temp_used.tablespace_name,round(total),used, round(total - used) as "Free", round(nvl(total-used, 0) * 100/total,1) "Free percent" FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes_used)/1024/1024 used FROM GV$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER GROUP BY tablespace_name) temp_used, (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(decode(autoextensible,'YES',MAXBYTES,bytes))/1024/1024 total FROM dba_temp_files GROUP BY tablespace_name) temp_total WHERE temp_used.tablespace_name = temp_total.tablespace_name或SELECT a.tablespace_name, round(a.BYTES/1024/1024) total_M, round(a.bytes/1024/1024 - nvl(b.bytes/1024/1024, 0)) free_M,round(b.bytes/1024/1024) used,round(b.using/1024/1024) using FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM (decode(autoextensible,'YES',MAXBYTES,bytes)) bytes FROM dba_temp_files GROUP BY tablespace_name) a, (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM (bytes_cached) bytes,sum(bytes_used) using FROM v$temp_extent_pool GROUP BY tablespace_name) bWHERE a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name(+);

15、查看当前会话的 SID

select * from V$MYSTAT where rownum