使用 rpm 包安装 MySQL8.0

本文主要针对初学者介绍如何在 Linux 系统上使用 rpm 包的方式安装一台单机版的 MySQL。MySQL8.0 OCP 考试中也有关于使用 rpm 安装 MySQL 相关的考题，如果有考试的同学，也可以注意一下其中的细节。首先这里你需要准备一台可以上网的 Linux 操作系统，CPU 内存、磁盘大小不限制。

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按照以下步骤安装最新的 GA 版本的 MySQL 使用 MySQL Yum 存储库：

1、添加 MySQL Yum 存储库

First, add the MySQL Yum repository to your system’s repository list. This is a one-time operation, which can be performed by installing an RPM provided by MySQL. Follow these steps:

Go to the Download MySQL Yum Repository page (https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/) in the MySQL Developer Zone.


首先，将 MySQL Yum 存储库添加到系统的存储库列表。这是一次性操作，可以是 通过安装 MySQL 提供的 RPM 来执行。

如上图，选择合适自己操作系统的 rpm包，点击 Download，会出现 Login 登录页面，这里选择“No thanks, just start my download.”跳过登录直接下载。然后将下载后的 rpm 包“mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm” 上传到 Linux 服务器。

[root@JiekeXu yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[root@JiekeXu yum.repos.d]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 97G 94G 3.9G 97% /
devtmpfs 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.8G 29M 5.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 180M 835M 18% /boot
tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /run/user/1004
tmpfs 1.2G 4.0K 1.2G 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 1.2G 56K 1.2G 1% /run/user/0
[root@JiekeXu yum.repos.d]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 11G 3.2G 285M 2.2G 8.1G 6.0G
Swap: 2.0G 0B 2.0G
[root@JiekeXu ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (220.181.38.149) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=5.81 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=5.96 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=5.91 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=6.03 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=5.16 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.169/5.778/6.031/0.327 ms


2、使用 yum 安装此 rpm 包

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum install mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Examining mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch
Marking mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-11 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
file:///mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.

Complete!


3、选择发行系列

在MySQL Yum存储库中，MySQL社区服务器的不同版本系列托管在不同的子存储库中。最新GA系列(当前MySQL 8.0)的子存储库默认是启用的，而所有其他系列(例如MySQL 8.0系列)的子存储库默认是禁用的。使用此命令查看MySQL Yum存储库中的所有子存储库，并查看其中哪些是启用或禁用的(对于启用dnf的系统，将命令中的Yum替换为dnf):

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
file:///mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 234
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 102
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 446
[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
file:///mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-innovation-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-innovation-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-cluster-innovation-community-source MySQL Cluste disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connec enabled: 234
mysql-connectors-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Connec disabled
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connec disabled
mysql-innovation-community/x86_64 MySQL Innova disabled
mysql-innovation-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Innova disabled
mysql-innovation-community-source MySQL Innova disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools enabled: 102
mysql-tools-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Tools disabled
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools disabled
mysql-tools-innovation-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools disabled
mysql-tools-innovation-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL Tools disabled
mysql-tools-innovation-community-source MySQL Tools disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Co disabled
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Co disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Co enabled: 446
mysql80-community-debuginfo/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Co disabled
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Co disabled


要安装最新GA系列的最新版本，不需要进行任何配置。要安装非最新GA系列的特定系列的最新版本，请在运行安装命令之前禁用最新GA系列的子存储库，并启用特定系列的子存储库。如果您的平台支持yum-config-manager，您可以通过发出以下命令来实现，这些命令将禁用5.7系列的子存储库并启用8.0系列的子存储库:

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
=================================================== repo: mysql57-community ===================================================
[mysql57-community]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7
baseurl = http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community
check_config_file_age = True
compare_providers_priority = 80
cost = 1000
deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100
deltarpm_percentage =
enabled = False
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023,
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022,
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
ip_resolve =
keepalive = True
keepcache = False
mddownloadpolicy = sqlite
mdpolicy = group:small
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metadata_expire_filter = read-only:present
metalink =
minrate = 0
mirrorlist =
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = MySQL 5.7 Community Server
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql57-community
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = mysql57-community/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
basearch
username =

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
=================================================== repo: mysql80-community ===================================================
[mysql80-community]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7
baseurl = http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community
check_config_file_age = True
compare_providers_priority = 80
cost = 1000
deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100
deltarpm_percentage =
enabled = True
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023,
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022,
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
ip_resolve =
keepalive = True
keepcache = False
mddownloadpolicy = sqlite
mdpolicy = group:small
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metadata_expire_filter = read-only:present
metalink =
minrate = 0
mirrorlist =
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = MySQL 8.0 Community Server
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/mysql80-community
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = mysql80-community/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
basearch
username =


除了使用 yum-config-manager 或 dnf config-manager 命令外，您还可以通过手动编辑 /etc/yum.rerepos.d/mysql-community.repo 文件来选择一个发布系列。这是一个典型的发布系列的子存储库在文件中的条目:

[root@JiekeXu ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
# Enable to use MySQL 5.7
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-cluster-innovation-community]
name=MySQL Cluster Innovation Release Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-innovation-community/el/7/$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
[root@JiekeXu ~]#


[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
file:///mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 234
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 102
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 446
[root@JiekeXu ~]#


4、禁用默认 MySQL 模块

(仅限EL8系统)基于EL8的系统(如RHEL8和Oracle Linux 8)包含默认开启的MySQL模块。除非该模块被禁用，否则它会屏蔽MySQL存储库提供的包。要禁用包含的模块并使MySQL存储库包可见，使用以下命令(对于启用dnf的系统，将命令中的yum替换为dnf)。

注意：这里仅针对 Linux8 操作系统，如果是 Linux7 会和我这里一样报错。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum module disable mysql
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
No such command: module. Please use /usr/bin/yum --help
[root@JiekeXu ~]#


5、安装 MySQL8.0.35

2024-01-16 MySQL8.0.36 正式发布了，现在应该可以安装 MySQL8.0.36 了，我这里还是安装 35 版本。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
file:///mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/centos/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be obsoleted
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 8.0.35-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-icu-data-files = 8.0.35-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be obsoleted
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client-plugins = 8.0.35-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.35-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be obsoleted
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.35-1.el7 will be obsoleting
---> Package net-snmp.x86_64 1:5.7.2-37.el7 will be updated
---> Package net-snmp.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: net-snmp-libs = 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 for package: 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: net-snmp-agent-libs = 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 for package: 1:net-snmp-5.7.2-49.el7_9.3.x86_64
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-7.el7 will be updated
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-37.el7 will be updated
---> Package net-snmp-agent-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 will be an update
---> Package net-snmp-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-37.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: net-snmp-libs = 1:5.7.2-37.el7 for package: 1:net-snmp-utils-5.7.2-37.el7.x86_64
---> Package net-snmp-libs.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package net-snmp-utils.x86_64 1:5.7.2-37.el7 will be updated
---> Package net-snmp-utils.x86_64 1:5.7.2-49.el7_9.3 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Complete!
[root@JiekeXu ~]#


这将安装 MySQL 服务器包(MySQL -community-server)和运行服务器所需的组件包，包括客户端包(MySQL -community-client)，客户端和服务器的常见错误消息和字符集(MySQL -community-common)，以及共享的客户端库(MySQL -community-libs)。

6、启动 MySQL

如果操作系统启用了 systemd，则应该使用标准的 systemctl (或者，带相反参数的service) 命令，如 stop、start、status 和 restart 来管理 MySQL 服务器服务。mysqld 服务默认是启用的，它在系统重启时启动。

所以这里可以使用 systemd 系统管理命令来管理 MySQL，不用过多的设置，它也是开机自启动的。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@JiekeXu ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-01-09 23:38:44 CST; 8s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 58352 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 58436 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 38
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─58436 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Jan 09 23:38:38 JiekeXu systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jan 09 23:38:44 JiekeXu systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@JiekeXu ~]# service mysqld status


在服务器初始启动时，假设服务器的data目录为空，会发生以下情况:

• 初始化服务器。
• 在 data 目录下生成 SSL 证书和密钥文件。
• 已安装并启用 Validate_password。
• 创建一个超级用户帐户 ‘root’@'localhost。设置超级用户的密码并将其存储在错误日志文件中。

7、查看 root 用户临时密码

在 /var/log/mysqld.log 下查看 root 用户临时密码。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2024-01-09T15:38:40.363927Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: W*UD:uDDE15-


8、登录 MySQL 并修改密码

如果不修改这个临时密码，无法进行任何操作，就连“show databases;”都无法执行。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.35

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql>


9、修改密码

validate_password 插件默认已经安装了。validate_password 实现的默认密码策略要求:密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为 8 个字符。

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MySQL8.0';

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


10、简单查看及基础设置

可以看到，默认开启了 binlog，数据目录基本都存放于 /var/lib/mysql/ 目录。

[root@JiekeXu ~]# mysql -uroot -pMySQL8.0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.35 MySQL Community Server - GPL

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%datadir%';
+---------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-----------------+
| datadir | /var/lib/mysql/ |
+---------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%';
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| log_bin | ON |
| log_bin_basename | /var/lib/mysql/binlog |
| log_bin_index | /var/lib/mysql/binlog.index |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF |
| sql_log_bin | ON |
+---------------------------------+-----------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.35 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@port;
+--------+
| @@port |
+--------+
| 3306 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


创建一个 root@’%’ 的超级用户，给他所有权限，注意使用密码认证插件 “mysql_native_password” 方可远程登录。

create user root@'%' identified with 'mysql_native_password' by 'MySQL8.0';

grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' with grant option;


MySQL 8.0 OCP 测试题

For which installation method must you create the data directory manually?
a. Binary Archive installation for Linux
b. DEB installation for Linux
c. MySQL Installer for Windows
d. RPM installation for Linux

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参考链接

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation-yum-repo.html


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