1、安装 RabbitMQ
首先,你需要安装 RabbitMQ 服务器。你可以从官方网站下载 RabbitMQ,并按照官方文档进行安装和配置。安装完成后,确保 RabbitMQ 服务器正在运行。
2、使用 RabbitMQ 基本功能
(1)发布和订阅消息
RabbitMQ 的基本工作方式是生产者将消息发布到交换机,然后由消费者从队列中订阅消息。以下是一个示例:
// 生产者
var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "logs", type: ExchangeType.Fanout);
var message = "Hello, RabbitMQ!";
var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "logs", routingKey: "", basicProperties: null, body: body);
Console.WriteLine("Sent: {0}", message);
}
// 消费者
var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "logs", type: ExchangeType.Fanout);
var queueName = channel.QueueDeclare().QueueName;
channel.QueueBind(queue: queueName, exchange: "logs", routingKey: "");
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
var body = ea.Body.ToArray();
var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
Console.WriteLine("Received: {0}", message);
};
channel.BasicConsume(queue: queueName, autoAck: true, consumer: consumer);
}
上述代码中,生产者将消息发布到名为 "logs" 的交换机,而消费者从该交换机创建一个队列并订阅消息。
(2)路由消息
RabbitMQ 允许你使用路由键将消息路由到特定队列。以下是一个示例:
// 生产者
var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "direct_logs", type: ExchangeType.Direct);
var severity = "info";
var message = "Informational message.";
var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "direct_logs", routingKey: severity, basicProperties: null, body: body);
Console.WriteLine("Sent: [{0}] {1}", severity, message);
}
// 消费者
var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "direct_logs", type: ExchangeType.Direct);
var queueName = channel.QueueDeclare().QueueName;
var severity = "info";
channel.QueueBind(queue: queueName, exchange: "direct_logs", routingKey: severity);
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
var body = ea.Body.ToArray();
var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
Console.WriteLine("Received: [{0}] {1}", severity, message);
};
channel.BasicConsume(queue: queueName, autoAck: true, consumer: consumer);
}
在此示例中,消息被路由到具有特定路由键 "info" 的队列。
(3)主题交换机
RabbitMQ 还支持主题交换机,允许你根据模式匹配消息的路由键进行订阅。以下是一个示例:
// 生产者
var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "topic_logs", type: ExchangeType.Topic);
var routingKey = "kern.critical";
var message = "Critical kernel error.";
var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "topic_logs", routingKey: routingKey, basicProperties: null, body: body);
Console.WriteLine("Sent: [{0}] {1}", routingKey, message);
}
// 消费者
var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "topic_logs", type: ExchangeType.Topic);
var queueName = channel.QueueDeclare().QueueName;
var routingKey = "kern.*";
channel.QueueBind(queue: queueName, exchange
: "topic_logs", routingKey: routingKey);
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
var body = ea.Body.ToArray();
var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
Console.WriteLine("Received: [{0}] {1}", routingKey, message);
};
channel.BasicConsume(queue: queueName, autoAck: true, consumer: consumer);
}
在此示例中,消息被路由到匹配模式 "kern.*" 的队列。
3、其他功能
RabbitMQ 还支持消息持久化、RPC(远程过程调用)、集群和安全等功能。你可以根据项目需求探索这些功能,并使用RabbitMQ的官方文档和.NET客户端库来实现。
上述示例涵盖了RabbitMQ的一些常见用例,希望可以帮助你入门RabbitMQ并在.NET应用程序中使用它。