【oracle数据库安装篇一Linux5.6基于LVM安装oracle10gR2单机

数据运维 2024-04-10 大树 手机阅读

说明

本篇文章主要介绍了Linux5.6基于LVM安装oracle10gR2单机的配置过程，比较详细，基本上每一个配置部分的步骤都提供了完整的脚本，安装部分都提供了简单的说明和截图，帮助你100%安装成功oracle数据库。

安装过程有不明白的地方或者卡点，可以私信留言，看到会回复。

1 环境规划

配置：

类目配置
操作系统版本rhel5.6 x86_64
服务器主机名oracle10g
物理分配内存2G
SWAP交换分区3G
IP地址192.168.56.110
虚拟机存放位置G:MachineOracleSingleoracle10goracle10g.vdi
本地磁盘及Oracle软件目录/u01/app/oracle

安装介质：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/18qPrpqCcWBGWvcgNcmq1Fg

如需获取安装介质，请后台私信我。

2 安装前准备及操作系统安装配置

2.1 虚拟机安装

略

安装的rhel5.6可能没有安装sshd服务，需要在挂载本地yum源后安装sshd服务，下载的包为openssh-server和openssh-clients。

2.2 修改主机名

[root@oracle10g ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=yes
HOSTNAME=oracle10g

[root@oracle10g ~]# hostname
oracle10g

2.3 配置网络

一、修改网卡配置文件：

[root@oracle10g ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Intel Corporation 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=192.168.56.255
HWADDR=08:00:27:90:4D:69
IPADDR=192.168.56.110
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.56.0
ONBOOT=yes

主要关注BOOTPROTO、IPADDR、NETMASK和ONBOOT。

二、配置hosts

[root@oracle10g ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

192.168.56.110 oracle10g

注意：需要把127.0.0.1这一行的主机名删掉，要不然在配置检查的时候网络配置报错。

2.4 安装需要的软件包

Linux 5需要如下或以上版本的包，确认并安装缺失的包:

[root@oracle10g ~]#
rpm -q binutils compat-db glibc kernel-headers glibc-headers glibc-devel gcc
libstdc++ libstdc++-devel gcc-c++ libXt libXp libXau-devel libXp-devel libXmu
openmotif libaio libaio-devel sysstat compat-gcc compat-gcc-34-c++ make ksh
compat-libstdc++-296 compat-libstdc++-3 | grep "is not installed"

缺的包安装：

yum install -y compat-db libXp libXp-devel openmotif libaio libaio-devel sysstat compat-gcc ksh compat-libstdc++-3

再检查一遍，还有没装的包：compat-gcc和compat-libstdc+±3，查看可安装的包：

[root@oracle10g ~]# yum search compat-gcc
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
================================================================== Matched: compat-gcc ===================================================================
compat-gcc-34.x86_64 : Compatibility GNU Compiler Collection
compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 : C++ support for compatibility compiler
compat-gcc-34-g77.x86_64 : Fortran 77 support for compatibility compiler

[root@oracle10g ~]# yum search compat-libstdc++-3
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
============================================================== Matched: compat-libstdc++-3 ===============================================================
compat-libstdc++-33.i386 : Compatibility standard C++ libraries
compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 : Compatibility standard C++ libraries

直接无脑把上面的包都装了就好。

yum install -y compat-gcc-34.x86_64 compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 compat-gcc-34-g77.x86_64
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33.i386 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

注意：最好把i386的包也安装上，若没安装libXt i386的包，否则后续安装会报/lib/i386/libawt.so:libXt.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory occurred。

安装下列包：

yum install -y libXau-devel.i386 libXp.i386 libXp-devel.i386

2.5 禁用不必要的服务

[root@oracle10g ~]#
export LANG=en
chkconfig atd off
chkconfig sendmail off
chkconfig cups off
chkconfig bluthtooth off

2.6 禁用防火墙和selinux

[root@oracle10g ~]#
iptables -F
iptables -L
chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig ip6tables off
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
#改为：
SELINUX=disabled

2.7 创建oracle用户和组

[root@oracle10g ~]#
groupadd -g 501 oinstall
groupadd -g 502 dba
groupadd -g 503 oper
useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
passwd oracle

2.8 创建lvm逻辑卷

创建分区：

[root@oracle10g ~]#
echo -e "nnpn1nn+5120mnw" | fdisk /dev/sdb
echo -e "nnpn2nn+5120mnw" | fdisk /dev/sdb
echo -e "nnpn3nn+5120mnw" | fdisk /dev/sdb
echo -e "nnpn4nnnw" | fdisk /dev/sdb

创建物理卷：

[root@oracle10g ~]#
pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb4
vgcreate vg_oracle /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
lvcreate -L 9.5G vg_oracle -n lv_oracle

[root@oracle10g ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_oracle/lv_oracle
VG Name vg_oracle
LV UUID LEszdq-Eyum-JwZb-ELTU-2nFZ-jnBE-d6BKNP
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 9.50 GB
Current LE 2432
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0

格式化：

[root@oracle10g ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/vg_oracle/lv_oracle

2.9 创建软件安装目录并挂载

创建软件安装目录：

[root@oracle10g ~]#
mkdir /u01
df -h
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

挂载：

[root@oracle10g ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_oracle-lv_oracle
ext3 9.4G 150M 8.8G 2% /u01

设置永久挂载：

[root@oracle10g ~]# echo "/dev/mapper/vg_oracle-lv_oracle /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

2.10 配置相关系统文件

/etc/sysctl.conf：

[root@oracle10g ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
#添加：
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 200 128
fs.file-max = 870400
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 1048576
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

#生效：
[root@oracle10g app]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 200 128
fs.file-max = 870400
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 1048576
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

/etc/security/limits.conf：

[root@oracle10g ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
#添加：
oracle soft nproc 3096
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 870400

/etc/pam.d/login：

[root@oracle10g ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
#添加
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

由于Redhat 5上oracle10g RAC，hangcheck_reboot默认是0，即系统hang住不重起系统，CRS默认的misscount值是60s，Misscount必须 > hangcheck_tick+hangcheck_margin，因此设置:

[root@oracle10g ~]# vim /etc/modprobe.conf
#添加
options hangcheck-timer hangcheck_tick=10 hangcheck_margin=40 hangcheck_reboot=1

[root@oracle10g ~]# modprobe hangcheck-timer
[root@oracle10g ~]# tail -20 /var/log/messages
...
Apr 9 01:42:19 oracle10g last message repeated 3 times
Apr 9 01:42:32 oracle10g last message repeated 6 times
Apr 9 01:42:36 oracle10g kernel: Hangcheck: starting hangcheck timer 0.9.0 (tick is 10 seconds, margin is 40 seconds).
Apr 9 01:42:36 oracle10g kernel: Hangcheck: Using monotonic_clock().

2.11 配置环境变量

[root@oracle10g ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle10g ~]$ vim .bash_profile
#添加：
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2/db_1
export ORA_CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2/crs
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export LANG=en_US
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$PATH
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

3 安装数据库软件

3.1 解压缩安装文件

创建安装包存放目录：

[oracle@oracle10g ~]$ cd
[oracle@oracle10g ~]$ mkdir soft/

上传安装包：

[oracle@oracle10g ~]$ ll soft/
total 783588
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 801603584 Apr 9 01:51 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

解压：

[oracle@oracle10g soft]$ cpio -idmv