Linux Centos 环境安装oracle

数据运维 2024-05-11 Escape 手机阅读

ORACLE数据库 安装

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Microsoft Windows (64-bit) http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle11g/112010/win64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle11g/112010/win64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle11g/112010/win64_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle11g/112010/win64_11gR2_grid.zip

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Microsoft Windows (32-bit) http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle11g/112010/win32_11gR2_database_1of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle11g/112010/win32_11gR2_database_2of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle11g/112010/win32_11gR2_client.zip

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86 http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux_11gR2_grid.zip

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64 http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Solaris Operating System (SPARC) (64-bit) http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/oracle11g/R2/solaris.sparc64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/oracle11g/R2/solaris.sparc64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/oracle11g/R2/solaris.sparc64_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/oracle11g/R2/solaris.sparc64_11gR2_client32.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/oracle11g/R2/solaris.sparc64_11gR2_grid.zip

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Solaris Operating System (x86-64) http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/oracle11g/R2/solaris.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/oracle11g/R2/solaris.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/oracle11g/R2/solaris.x64_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/oracle11g/R2/solaris.x86_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/oracle11g/R2/solaris.x64_11gR2_grid.zip

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for HP-UX Itanium http://download.oracle.com/otn/hp/oracle11g/R2/hpia64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/hp/oracle11g/R2/hpia64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/hp/oracle11g/R2/hpia64_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/hp/oracle11g/R2/hpia64_11gR2_client32.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/hp/oracle11g/R2/hpia64_11gR2_grid.zip

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for HP-UX PA-RISC (64-bit) http://download.oracle.com/otn/hp/oracle11g/R2/hpux.parisc64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/hp/oracle11g/R2/hpux.parisc64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/hp/oracle11g/R2/hpux.parisc64_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/hp/oracle11g/R2/hpux.parisc32_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/hp/oracle11g/R2/hpux.parisc64_11gR2_grid.zip

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for AIX (PPC64) http://download.oracle.com/otn/aix/oracle11g/R2/aix.ppc64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/aix/oracle11g/R2/aix.ppc64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/aix/oracle11g/R2/aix.ppc64_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/aix/oracle11g/R2/aix.ppc32_11gR2_client.zip http://download.oracle.com/otn/aix/oracle11g/R2/aix.ppc64_11gR2_grid.zip

1、上传文件到对应的虚拟目录 [root@localhost software]# cd /mnt 2、解压文件 [root@localhost software]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip [root@localhost software]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip 将解压的结果文件夹拷贝至/software目录下 [root@localhost software]# mv database/ /software/ cd /software 3、关闭selinux [root@localhost software]# vim /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled 编辑完成后执行 ：setenforce 0 4、关闭防火墙 [root@localhost software]# cat /etc/redhat-release

[root@localhost software]# systemctl restart firewalld.service [root@localhost software]# systemctl list-unit-files|grep firewalld.service [root@localhost software]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

5、安装Oracle 11g依赖包 yum install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-develnumactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel –y

6、添加安装用户和用户组 [root@localhost software]# groupadd oinstall [root@localhost software]# groupadd dba [root@localhost software]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle [root@localhost software]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New password: BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@localhost software]# id oracle uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

7、修改内核参数配置文件 [root@localhost software]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 在末尾添加以下内容： fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 1073741824 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

查看是否成功写进/etc/sysctl.conf文件中： [root@localhost software]# sysctl -p 其中kernel.shmmax = 1073741824为本机物理内存（2G）的一半，单位为byte。

8、修改用户的限制文件 修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件： [root@localhost software]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf 在末尾添加以下内容： oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240

修改/etc/pam.d/login文件： [root@localhost software]# vim /etc/pam.d/login 在末尾添加以下内容： session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so

修改/etc/profile文件： [root@ myYUn software]# vim /etc/profile 在末尾添加以下内容： #oracle配置 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi

9、创建安装目录和设置文件权限 [root@localhost software]# mkdir -p /data/oracle/product/11.2.0 [root@localhost software]# mkdir /data/oracle/oradata [root@localhost software]# mkdir /data/oracle/inventory [root@localhost software]# mkdir /data/oracle/fast_recovery_area [root@localhost software]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle [root@localhost software]# chmod -R 775 /data/oracle

10、设置oracle用户环境变量 首先切换到oracle用户下： [root@localhost software]# su -l oracle [oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile 在末尾添加如下内容： ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0 ORACLE_SID=orcl PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

注意，ORACLE_SID 与创建的数据库实例名称一致，否则数据库启动后无法访问。第一次配置完记得source一下。 [oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile

11、编辑静默安装响应文件 复制安装文件夹response到当前oracle用户的家目录下： [oracle@localhost ~]$ cp -R /software/database/response/ . [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd response/ [oracle@localhost response]$ vim db_install.rsp 需要设置的选项如下：

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=CentOS UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oracle/inventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0 ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

12、根据响应文件静默安装Oracle11g [oracle@localhost response]$ cd /software/database/ [oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

开始Oracle在后台静默安装。安装过程中，如果提示[WARNING]不必理会，此时安装程序仍在后台进行，如果出现Successfully Setup Software，则安装程序已经停止了。

 

开始Oracle在后台静默安装。安装过程中，如果提示[WARNING]不必理会，此时安装程序仍在后台进行，如果出现Successfully Setup Software，则安装程序已经停止了。

按照要求执行脚本。 打开终端，退出到root身份登录，执行脚本： [oracle@iZ2f570bi1k56uZ database]$ exit logout [root@iZ2f570bi1k56uZ software]# sh /data/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /data/oracle/inventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world. Changing groupname of /data/oracle/inventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [root@iZ2f570bi1k56uZ software]# sh /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh Check /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/install/root_iZ2f570bi1k56uZ_2018-05-13_14-25-04.log for the output of root script

13、以静默方式配置监听 重新使用oracle用户登录： [root@localhost software]# su -l oracle Last login: Sun May 13 14:09:10 CST 2020 on pts/3 [oracle@localhost ~]$ netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

注意此处，必须使用/silent /responseFile格式，而不是-silent -responseFile，因为是静默安装。 成功运行后，在/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin中生成listener.ora和sqlnet.ora 通过netstat命令可以查看1521端口正在监听。

14、以静默方式建立新库，同时也建立一个对应的实例 [oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp 修改文件中以下参数：

[GENERAL]

  1. oracle版本，不能更改 RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
  2. Description : Type of operation OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

  1. Description : Global database name of the database

  2. 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名# 第三方工具链接数据库的时候使用的service名称 GDBNAME = "orcl"

  3. Description : System identifier (SID) of the database

  4. 对应的实例名字 SID = "orcl"

  5. Description : Name of the template

  6. 建库用的模板文件 TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"

  7. Description : Password for SYS user

  8. SYS管理员密码 SYSPASSWORD = "123456"

  9. Description : Password for SYSTEM user

  10. SYSTEM管理员密码 SYSTEMPASSWORD = "123456"

  11. Description : Password for SYSMAN user

  12. SYSMAN管理员密码 SYSMANPASSWORD = "123456"

  13. Description : Password for DBSNMP user

  14. DBSNMP管理员密码 DBSNMPPASSWORD = "123456"

  15. Description : Location of the data file's

  16. 数据文件存放目录 DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/oracle/oradata

  17. Description : Location of the data file's

  18. 恢复数据存放目录 RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/oracle/fast_recovery_area

  19. Description : Character set of the database

  20. 字符集，重要!!! 建库后一般不能更改，所以建库前要确定清楚。

  21. (CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8" NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "UTF8") CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"

  22. Description : total memory in MB to allocate to Oracle

  23. oracle内存1638MB,物理内存2G*80% TOTALMEMORY = "1638"

进行静默配置： [oracle@localhost ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

建库后进行实例进程检查： [oracle@localhost ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

查看监听状态： [oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status

数据库创建完成。

有关详细信息, 请查看以下位置的日志文件: /data/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log。 数据库信息: 全局数据库名:orcl.test 系统标识符 (SID):orcl

登录查看实例状态： [oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> select status from v$instance;

务器的操作系统后切换到oracle 用户：执行su - oracle ； 用sys 用户登录sqlplus：执行sqlplus "/as sysdba"； 启动数据库：执行startup； 退出sqlplus：执行exit； 启动数据库监听器：执行lsnrctl start； 至此oracle数据库启动成功！

用sys 用户登录sqlplus：执行 sqlplus "/as sysdba"； 关闭数据库监听器：执行 lsnrctl stop； 用sys 用户登录sqlplus：sqlplus "/as sysdba"； 关闭数据库：shutdown immediate 至此oracle数据库已经关闭成功！