学习使用 8 种 Linux 原生命令或第三方实用程序来生成随机密码。
在这篇文章中，我们将引导你通过几种不同的方式在 Linux 终端中生成随机密码。其中几种利用原生 Linux 命令，另外几种则利用极易在 Linux 机器上安装的第三方工具或实用程序实现。在这里我们利用像 openssl, dd, md5sum, tr, urandom 这样的原生命令和 mkpasswd，randpw，pwgen，spw，gpg，xkcdpass，diceware，revelation，keepaasx，passwordmaker 这样的第三方工具。
其实这些方法就是生成一些能被用作密码的随机字母字符串。随机密码可以用于新用户的密码，不管用户基数有多大，这些密码都是独一无二的。话不多说，让我们来看看 8 种不同的在 Linux 上生成随机密码的方法吧。
使用 mkpasswd 实用程序生成密码
mkpasswd 在基于 RHEL 的系统上随 expect 软件包一起安装。在基于 Debian 的系统上 mkpasswd 则在软件包 whois 中。直接安装 mkpasswd 软件包将会导致错误：
- RHEL 系统：软件包 mkpasswd 不可用。
- Debian 系统：错误：无法定位软件包 mkpasswd。
所以按照上面所述安装他们的父软件包，就没问题了。
运行 mkpasswd 来获得密码
root@kerneltalks# mkpasswd ] 871,848 --.-K/s in 0.01s
2018-01-23 19:09:17 (63.9 MB/s) - ‘xkcdpass-1.14.3.tar.gz’ saved [871848/871848]
root@kerneltalks # tar -xvf xkcdpass-1.14.3.tar.gz
xkcdpass-1.14.3/
xkcdpass-1.14.3/examples/
xkcdpass-1.14.3/examples/example_import.py
xkcdpass-1.14.3/examples/example_json.py
xkcdpass-1.14.3/examples/example_postprocess.py
xkcdpass-1.14.3/LICENSE.BSD
xkcdpass-1.14.3/MANIFEST.in
xkcdpass-1.14.3/PKG-INFO
xkcdpass-1.14.3/README.rst
xkcdpass-1.14.3/setup.cfg
xkcdpass-1.14.3/setup.py
xkcdpass-1.14.3/tests/
xkcdpass-1.14.3/tests/test_list.txt
xkcdpass-1.14.3/tests/test_xkcdpass.py
xkcdpass-1.14.3/tests/__init__.py
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/static/
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/static/eff-long
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/static/eff-short
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/static/eff-special
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/static/fin-kotus
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/static/ita-wiki
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/static/legacy
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/static/spa-mich
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/xkcd_password.py
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass/__init__.py
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass.1
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass.egg-info/
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass.egg-info/entry_points.txt
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass.egg-info/not-zip-safe
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass.egg-info/PKG-INFO
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
xkcdpass-1.14.3/xkcdpass.egg-info/top_level.txt
root@kerneltalks # cd xkcdpass-1.14.3
root@kerneltalks # python setup.py install
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing xkcdpass.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to xkcdpass.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to xkcdpass.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to xkcdpass.egg-info/entry_points.txt
reading manifest file 'xkcdpass.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
writing manifest file 'xkcdpass.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg
running install_lib
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/xkcdpass
copying xkcdpass/xkcd_password.py -> build/lib/xkcdpass
copying xkcdpass/__init__.py -> build/lib/xkcdpass
creating build/lib/xkcdpass/static
copying xkcdpass/static/eff-long -> build/lib/xkcdpass/static
copying xkcdpass/static/eff-short -> build/lib/xkcdpass/static
copying xkcdpass/static/eff-special -> build/lib/xkcdpass/static
copying xkcdpass/static/fin-kotus -> build/lib/xkcdpass/static
copying xkcdpass/static/ita-wiki -> build/lib/xkcdpass/static
copying xkcdpass/static/legacy -> build/lib/xkcdpass/static
copying xkcdpass/static/spa-mich -> build/lib/xkcdpass/static
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass
copying build/lib/xkcdpass/xkcd_password.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass
copying build/lib/xkcdpass/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass/static
copying build/lib/xkcdpass/static/eff-long -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass/static
copying build/lib/xkcdpass/static/eff-short -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass/static
copying build/lib/xkcdpass/static/eff-special -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass/static
copying build/lib/xkcdpass/static/fin-kotus -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass/static
copying build/lib/xkcdpass/static/ita-wiki -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass/static
copying build/lib/xkcdpass/static/legacy -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass/static
copying build/lib/xkcdpass/static/spa-mich -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass/static
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass/xkcd_password.py to xkcd_password.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/xkcdpass/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying xkcdpass.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying xkcdpass.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying xkcdpass.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying xkcdpass.egg-info/entry_points.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying xkcdpass.egg-info/not-zip-safe -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying xkcdpass.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
creating dist
creating 'dist/xkcdpass-1.14.3-py2.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it
removing 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it)
Processing xkcdpass-1.14.3-py2.7.egg
creating /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/xkcdpass-1.14.3-py2.7.egg
Extracting xkcdpass-1.14.3-py2.7.egg to /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages
Adding xkcdpass 1.14.3 to easy-install.pth file
Installing xkcdpass script to /usr/bin
Installed /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/xkcdpass-1.14.3-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for xkcdpass==1.14.3
Finished processing dependencies for xkcdpass==1.14.3
现在运行 xkcdpass 命令，将会随机给出你几个像下面这样的字典单词：
root@kerneltalks # xkcdpass
broadside unpadded osmosis statistic cosmetics lugged
你可以用这些单词作为其他命令，比如 md5sum 的输入，来获取随机密码（就像下面这样），甚至你也可以用每个单词的第 N 个字母来生成你的密码！
root@kerneltalks # xkcdpass |md5sum
45f2ec9b3ca980c7afbd100268c74819 -
root@kerneltalks # xkcdpass |md5sum
ad79546e8350744845c001d8836f2ff2 -
或者你甚至可以把所有单词串在一起作为一个超长的密码，不仅非常好记，也不容易被电脑程序攻破。
Linux 上还有像 Diceware、 KeePassX、 Revelation、 PasswordMaker 这样的工具，也可以考虑用来生成强随机密码。
via: https://kerneltalks.com/tips-tricks/8-ways-to-generate-random-password-in-linux/
作者：kerneltalks 译者：heart4lor 校对：Locez
本文由 LCTT 原创编译，Linux中国 荣誉推出
