MSSQL监控数据库的DDL操作(创建，修改，删除存储

前言： 有时候，一个数据库有多个帐号，包括数据库管理员，开发人员，运维支撑人员等，可能有很多帐号都有比较大的权限，例如DDL操作权限(创建，修改，删除存储过程，创建，修

前言： 有时候，一个数据库有多个帐号，包括数据库管理员，开发人员，运维支撑人员等，可能有很多帐号都有比较大的权限，例如DDL操作权限(创建，修改，删除存储过程，创建，修改，删除表等），账户多了，管理起来就会相当麻烦，容易产生混乱，如果数据库管理员不监控数据库架构变更的话，就不知道谁对数据库架构做了啥改动（此处改动仅仅只DDL操作），尤其有时候，有些开发人员可能不按规章制度办事，绕过或忘了通知发布人员或DBA，直接去生产机做一些DDL操作，那么我们就需要对数据库架构某些更改的事件进行监控，如果能够监控并留下证据，这样既可以让DBA或相关管理人员知晓这些变更，有效管理数据库，也可以避免出现问题，出现扯皮现象，最后DBA成了背黑锅的。 下面就是一个解决上述问题的方案，我们通过创建一个表DatabaseLog和DDL触发器来解决问题，首先在msdb数据库里面新建一个表DatabaseLog，用来保存DDL触发器获取的信息。其中DDL触发器主要通过EVENTDATA()函数返回有关服务器或数据库事件的信息。

复制代码 代码如下:USE msdb;GOCREATE TABLE [dbo].[DatabaseLog](    [DatabaseLogID]   [int]    IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,    [PostTime]        [datetime] NOT NULL,    [DatabaseUser]    [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,    [LoginName]       [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,    [ClientHost]      [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,    [Event]           [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,    [Schema]          [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,    [Object]          [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,    [TSQL]            [nvarchar](max) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,    [XmlEvent]        [xml] NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT [PK_DatabaseLog_DatabaseLogID] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED(    [DatabaseLogID] ASC  )WITH (PAD_INDEX= OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF) ON [PRIMARY]) ON [PRIMARY]GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Primary key for DatabaseLog records.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DatabaseLogID'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The date and time the DDL change occurred.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'PostTime'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The user who implemented the DDL change.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DatabaseUser'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The login which implemented the DDL change.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'LoginName'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The client machine on which implemented the DDL change.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ClientHost'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The type of DDL statement that was executed.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Event'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The schema to which the changed object belongs.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Schema'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The object that was changed by the DDL statment.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Object'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The exact Transact-SQL statement that was executed.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TSQL'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The raw XML data generated by database trigger.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'XmlEvent'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Audit table tracking all DDL changes made to the database. Data is captured by the database trigger ddlDatabaseTriggerLog.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Primary key (nonclustered) constraint' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'PK_DatabaseLog_DatabaseLogID'GO

例如，我要监控数据库MyAssistant的DDL操作，那么我们首先在“数据库邮件”里面创建一个配置名为“ DataBase_DDL_Event”的配置文件（profile name）,这个就不多讲了，不知道配置的，自己先练练手把，假如我需要让数据库把监控到DDL操作变动相信信息发送到我的邮箱 *****@***.com(用你自己的邮箱替代)，那么只需要修改下面代码的邮箱和profile_name即可。

复制代码 代码如下:USE MyAssistant;GOCREATE TRIGGER [DTG_DatabaseDdlTriggerLog]ON DATABASEFOR DDL_DATABASE_LEVEL_EVENTSASBEGIN    SET NOCOUNT ON;    DECLARE @data XML;    DECLARE @schema sysname;    DECLARE @object sysname;    DECLARE @eventType sysname;    DECLARE @tableHTML  NVARCHAR(MAX) ;    SET @data = EVENTDATA();    SET @eventType = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)[1]', 'sysname');    SET @schema = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/SchemaName)[1]', 'sysname');    SET @object = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectName)[1]', 'sysname')    IF @object IS NOT NULL        PRINT '  ' + @eventType + ' - ' + @schema + '.' + @object;    ELSE        PRINT '  ' + @eventType + ' - ' + @schema;    IF @eventType IS NULL        PRINT CONVERT(nvarchar(max), @data);    INSERT [msdb].[dbo].[DatabaseLog]        (        [PostTime],        [DatabaseUser],        [LoginName],        [ClientHost],        [Event],        [Schema],        [Object],        [TSQL],        [XmlEvent]        )    VALUES        (        GETDATE(),        CONVERT(sysname, CURRENT_USER),        @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/LoginName)[1]', 'nvarchar(max)'),        CONVERT(sysname, HOST_NAME()),        @eventType,        CONVERT(sysname, @schema),        CONVERT(sysname, @object),        @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand)[1]', 'nvarchar(max)'),        @data        );    SET @tableHTML =       N'<H1>DDL Event</H1>' +         N'<table border="0">' +         N'<tr><th>Post Time</th><th>User</th><th>Login</th><th>ClientHost</th>' +         N'<th>TSQL</th><th></tr>' +         CAST(( SELECT    td = PostTime,       '',                         td = DatabaseUser, '',            td = LoginName, '',         td = ClientHost, '',             td = TSQL, ''                   FROM msdb.dbo.DatabaseLog                   WHERE DatabaseLogID =(select max(DatabaseLogID) from msdb.dbo.DatabaseLog)                   FOR XML PATH('tr'), TYPE     ) AS NVARCHAR(MAX) ) +     N'</table>' ;    EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail                  @profile_name = 'DataBase_DDL_Event',        @recipients='***@***.com',             @subject = 'DDL Event - DataBase MyAssistant',             @body = @tableHTML,           @body_format = 'HTML' ;END; GO

接下来我们来测试一下，假如一个用户Test登录数据库，一不小心删除了一个Test的表，如下图一所示，那么我将收到一封邮件，提示我用户Test在那台客户端主机执行了啥DDL操作(如下图二所示)，当然邮件的样式、排版有兴趣的可以去美化一下。