mysqldump备份： 复制代码 代码如下: mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机 数据库 a -w “sql条件” –lock-all-tables 路径 mysqldump还原： 复制代码 代码如下: mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机 数据库 路
mysqldump备份：
复制代码 代码如下:mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机 数据库 a -w “sql条件” –lock-all-tables > 路径
mysqldump还原：
复制代码 代码如下:mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机 数据库 < 路径
mysqldump按条件导出：
复制代码 代码如下:mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机 数据库 a –where “条件语句” –no-建表> 路径mysqldump -uroot -p1234 dbname a –where “tag='88′” –no-create-info> c:\a.sql
mysqldump按条件导入：
复制代码 代码如下:mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机 数据库 < 路径
案例：
复制代码 代码如下:mysql -uroot -p1234 db1 < c:\a.txt
mysqldump导出表：
复制代码 代码如下:mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机 数据库 表
案例：mysqldump -uroot -p sqlhk9 a –no-data
参数详解：
使用mysqldumpmysqldump -u root -p your-new-password databasename [tablename] > db.sql
比较大的表需要用优化的dump以节省内存：mysqldump --opt database > backup-file.sql
mysqldump工具有大量的选项，部分选项如下表：
选项/Option 作用/Action Performed
--add-drop-table
这个选项将会在每一个表的前面加上DROP TABLE IF EXISTS语句，这样可以保证导回MySQL数据库的时候不会出错，因为每次导回的时候，都会首先检查表是否存在，存在就删除
--add-locks
这个选项会在INSERT语句中捆上一个LOCK TABLE和UNLOCK TABLE语句。这就防止在这些记录被再次导入数据库时其他用户对表进行的操作 -c or - complete_insert
这个选项使得mysqldump命令给每一个产生INSERT语句加上列（field）的名字。当把数据导出导另外一个数据库时这个选项很有用。
--delayed-insert 在INSERT命令中加入DELAY选项
-F or -flush-logs 使用这个选项，在执行导出之前将会刷新MySQL服务器的log.
-f or -force 使用这个选项，即使有错误发生，仍然继续导出
--full 这个选项把附加信息也加到CREATE TABLE的语句中
-l or -lock-tables 使用这个选项，导出表的时候服务器将会给表加锁。
-t or -no-create- info
这个选项使的mysqldump命令不创建CREATE TABLE语句，这个选项在您只需要数据而不需要DDL（数据库定义语句）时很方便。 -d or -no-data 这个选项使的mysqldump命令不创建INSERT语句。
在您只需要DDL语句时，可以使用这个选项。
--opt 此选项将打开所有会提高文件导出速度和创造一个可以更快导入的文件的选项。
-q or -quick 这个选项使得MySQL不会把整个导出的内容读入内存再执行导出，而是在读到的时候就写入导文件中。
-T path or -tab = path 这个选项将会创建两个文件，一个文件包含DDL语句或者表创建语句，另一个文件包含数据。DDL文件被命名为table_name.sql,数据文件被命名为table_name.txt.路径名是存放这两个文件的目录。目录必须已经存在，并且命令的使用者有对文件的特权。 -w "WHERE Clause" or -where = "Where clause "
参考国外网站
NAME mysqldump - a database backup program
SYNOPSIS mysqldump [options] [db_name [tbl_name ...]]
DESCRIPTION The mysqldump client can be used to dump a database or a collection of databases for backup or for transferring the data to another SQL server (not necessarily a MySQL server). The dump contains SQL statements to create the table and/or populate the table.
If you are doing a backup on the server, and your tables all are MyISAM tables, you could consider using the mysqlhotcopy instead since faster backups and faster restores can be accomplished with the latter. See mysqlhotcopy(1).
There are three general ways to invoke mysqldump:
shell> mysqldump [options] db_name [tables] shell> mysqldump [options] --databases DB1 [DB2 DB3...] shell> mysqldump [options] --all-databases
If you do not name any tables or use the --databases or --all-databases option, entire databases are dumped.
To get a list of the options your version of mysqldump supports, execute mysqldump --help.
If you run mysqldump without the --quick or --opt option, mysqldump loads the whole result set into memory before dumping the result. This probably is a problem if you are dumping a big database. As of MySQL 4.1, --opt is enabled by default, but can be disabled with --skip-opt.
If you are using a recent copy of the mysqldump program to generate a dump to be reloaded into a very old MySQL server, you should not use the --opt or -e options.
Before MySQL 4.1.2, out-of-range numeric values such as -inf and inf, as well as NaN (not-a-number) values are dumped by mysqldump as NULL. You can see this using the following sample table:
mysql> CREATE TABLE t (f DOUBLE); mysql> INSERT INTO t VALUES(1e+111111111111111111111); mysql> INSERT INTO t VALUES(-1e111111111111111111111); mysql> SELECT f FROM t; +------+ | f | +------+ | inf | | -inf | +------+
For this table, mysqldump produces the following data output:
-- -- Dumping data for table ‘t‘ -- INSERT INTO t VALUES (NULL); INSERT INTO t VALUES (NULL);
The significance of this behavior is that if you dump and restore the table, the new table has contents that differ from the original contents. This problem is fixed as of MySQL 4.1.2; you cannot insert inf in the table, so this mysqldump behavior is only relevant when you deal with old servers.
mysqldump supports the following options:
· --help, -?
Display a help message and exit.
· --add-drop-database
Add a DROP DATABASE statement before each CREATE DATABASE statement. Added in MySQL 4.1.13.
· --add-drop-table
Add a DROP TABLE statement before each CREATE TABLE statement.
· --add-locks
Surround each table dump with LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES statements. This results in faster inserts when the dump file is reloaded. See Section 2.13, “Speed of INSERT Statements”.
· --all-databases, -A
Dump all tables in all databases. This is the same as using the --databases option and naming all the databases on the command line.
· --allow-keywords
Allow creation of column names that are keywords. This works by prefixing each column name with the table name.
· --comments[={0|1}]
If set to 0, suppresses additional information in the dump file such as program version, server version, and host. --skip-comments has the same effect as --comments=0. The default value is 1, which includes the extra information. Added in MySQL 4.0.17.
· --compact
Produce less verbose output. This option suppresses comments and enables the --skip-add-drop-table, --no-set-names, --skip-disable-keys, and --skip-add-locks options. Added in MySQL 4.1.2.
· --compatible=name
Produce output that is more compatible with other database systems or with older MySQL servers. The value of name can be ansi, mysql323, mysql40, postgresql, oracle, mssql, db2, maxdb, no_key_options, no_table_options, or no_field_options. To use several values, separate them by commas. These values have the same meaning as the corresponding options for setting the server SQL mode. See the section called “THE SERVER SQL MODE”.
This option does not guarantee compatibility with other servers. It only enables those SQL mode values that are currently available for making dump output more compatible. For example, --compatible=oracle does not map data types to Oracle types or use Oracle comment syntax.
This option requires a server version of 4.1.0 or higher. With older servers, it does nothing.
· --complete-insert, -c
Use complete INSERT statements that include column names.
· --compress, -C
Compress all information sent between the client and the server if both support compression.
· --create-options
Include all MySQL-specific table options in the CREATE TABLE statements. Before MySQL 4.1.2, use --all instead.
· --databases, -B
Dump several databases. Normally, mysqldump treats the first name argument on the command line as a database name and following names as table names. With this option, it treats all name arguments as database names. CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS db_name and USE db_name statements are included in the output before each new database.
· --debug[=debug_options], -# [debug_options]
Write a debugging log. The debug_options string is often ´d:t:o,file_name'.
· --default-character-set=charset
Use charset as the default character set. See Section 7.1, “The Character Set Used for Data and Sorting”. If not specified, mysqldump from MySQL 4.1.2 or later uses utf8, and earlier versions use latin1.
· --delayed-insert
Insert rows using INSERT DELAYED statements.
· --delete-master-logs
On a master replication server, delete the binary logs after performing the dump operation. This option automatically enables --first-slave before MySQL 4.1.8 and enables --master-data thereafter. It was added in MySQL 3.23.57 (for MySQL 3.23) and MySQL 4.0.13 (for MySQL 4.0).
· --disable-keys, -K
For each table, surround the INSERT statements with /*!40000 ALTER TABLE tbl_name DISABLE KEYS */; and /*!40000 ALTER TABLE tbl_name ENABLE KEYS */; statements. This makes loading the dump file into a MySQL 4.0 or newer server faster because the indexes are created after all rows are inserted. This option is effective for MyISAM tables only.
· --extended-insert, -e
Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several VALUES lists. This results in a smaller dump file and speeds up inserts when the file is reloaded.
· --fields-terminated-by=..., --fields-enclosed-by=..., --fields-optionally-enclosed-by=..., --fields-escaped-by=..., --lines-terminated-by=...
These options are used with the -T option and have the same meaning as the corresponding clauses for LOAD DATA INFILE. See Section 2.5, “LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax”.
· --first-slave, -x
Deprecated, renamed to --lock-all-tables in MySQL 4.1.8.
· --flush-logs, -F
Flush the MySQL server log files before starting the dump. This option requires the RELOAD privilege. Note that if you use this option in combination with the --all-databases (or -A) option, the logs are flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: In this case, the logs are flushed only once, corresponding to the moment that all tables are locked. If you want your dump and the log flush to happen at exactly the same moment, you should use --flush-logs together with either --lock-all-tables or --master-data.
· --force, -f
Continue even if an SQL error occurs during a table dump.
· --host=host_name, -h host_name
Dump data from the MySQL server on the given host. The default host is localhost.
· --hex-blob
Dump binary string columns using hexadecimal notation (for example, ´abc' becomes 0x616263). The affected columns are BINARY, VARBINARY, and BLOB in MySQL 4.1 and up, and CHAR BINARY, VARCHAR BINARY, and BLOB in MySQL 4.0. This option was added in MySQL 4.0.23 and 4.1.8.
· --lock-all-tables, -x
Lock all tables across all databases. This is achieved by acquiring a global read lock for the duration of the whole dump. This option automatically turns off --single-transaction and --lock-tables. Added in MySQL 4.1.8.
· --lock-tables, -l
Lock all tables before starting the dump. The tables are locked with READ LOCAL to allow concurrent inserts in the case of MyISAM tables. For transactional tables such as InnoDB and BDB, --single-transaction is a much better option, because it does not need to lock the tables at all.
Please note that when dumping multiple databases, --lock-tables locks tables for each database separately. So, this option does not guarantee that the tables in the dump file are logically consistent between databases. Tables in different databases may be dumped in completely different states.
· --master-data[=value]
This option causes the binary log position and filename to be written to the output. This option requires the RELOAD privilege and the binary log must be enabled. If the option value is equal to 1, the position and filename are written to the dump output in the form of a CHANGE MASTER statement that makes a slave server start from the correct position in the master's binary logs if you use this SQL dump of the master to set up a slave. If the option value is equal to 2, the CHANGE MASTER statement is written as an SQL comment. This is the default action if value is omitted. value may be given as of MySQL 4.1.8; before that, do not specify an option value.
The --master-data option turns on --lock-all-tables, unless --single-transaction also is specified (in which case, a global read lock is only acquired a short time at the beginning of the dump. See also the description for --single-transaction. In all cases, any action on logs happens at the exact moment of the dump. This option automatically turns off --lock-tables.
· --no-create-db, -n
This option suppresses the CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ db_name statements that are otherwise included in the output if the --databases or --all-databases option is given.
· --no-create-info, -t
Do not write CREATE TABLE statements that re-create each dumped table.
· --no-data, -d
Do not write any row information for the table. This is very useful if you want to get a dump of only the structure for a table.
· --opt
This option is shorthand; it is the same as specifying --add-drop-table --add-locks --create-options --disable-keys --extended-insert --lock-tables --quick --set-charset. It should give you a fast dump operation and produce a dump file that can be reloaded into a MySQL server quickly. As of MySQL 4.1, --opt is on by default, but can be disabled with --skip-opt. To disable only certain of the options enabled by --opt, use their --skip forms; for example, --skip-add-drop-table or --skip-quick.
· --password[=password], -p[password]
The password to use when connecting to the server. If you use the short option form (-p), you cannot have a space between the option and the password. If you omit the password value following the --password or -p option on the command line, you are prompted for one.
· --port=port_num, -P port_num
The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection.
· --protocol={TCP | SOCKET | PIPE | MEMORY}
The connection protocol to use. Added in MySQL 4.1.
· --quick, -q
This option is useful for dumping large tables. It forces mysqldump to retrieve rows for a table from the server a row at a time rather than retrieving the entire row set and buffering it in memory before writing it out.
· --quote-names, -Q
Quote database, table, and column names within ‘‘' characters. If the server SQL mode includes the ANSI_QUOTES option, names are quoted within ‘"' characters. As of MySQL 4.1.1, --quote-names is on by default. It can be disabled with --skip-quote-names, but this option should be given after any option such as --compatible that may enable --quote-names.
· --result-file=file, -r file
Direct output to a given file. This option should be used on Windows, because it prevents newline ‘n' characters from being converted to ‘rn' carriage return/newline sequences.
· --set-charset
Add SET NAMES default_character_set to the output. This option is enabled by default. To suppress the SET NAMES statement, use --skip-set-charset. This option was added in MySQL 4.1.2.
· --single-transaction
This option issues a BEGIN SQL statement before dumping data from the server. It is useful only with transactional tables such as InnoDB and BDB, because then it dumps the consistent state of the database at the time when BEGIN was issued without blocking any applications.
When using this option, you should keep in mind that only InnoDB tables are dumped in a consistent state. For example, any MyISAM or HEAP tables dumped while using this option may still change state.
The --single-transaction option was added in MySQL 4.0.2. This option is mutually exclusive with the --lock-tables option, because LOCK TABLES causes any pending transactions to be committed implicitly.
To dump big tables, you should combine this option with --quick.
· --socket=path, -S path
The socket file to use when connecting to localhost (which is the default host).
· --skip-comments
See the description for the --comments option.
· --tab=path, -T path
Produce tab-separated data files. For each dumped table, mysqldump creates a tbl_name.sql file that contains the CREATE TABLE statement that creates the table, and a tbl_name.txt file that contains its data. The option value is the directory in which to write the files.
By default, the .txt data files are formatted using tab characters between column values and a newline at the end of each line. The format can be specified explicitly using the --fields-xxx and --lines--xxx options.
Note: This option should be used only when mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqld server. You must have the FILE privilege, and the server must have permission to write files in the directory that you specify.
· --tables
Override the --databases or -B option. All arguments following the option are regarded as table names.
· --user=user_name, -u user_name
The MySQL username to use when connecting to the server.
· --verbose, -v
Verbose mode. Print out more information on what the program does.
· --version, -V
Display version information and exit.
· --where=�����where-condition�����, -w �����where-condition�����
Dump only records php/select">selected by the given WHERE condition. Note that quotes around the condition are mandatory if it contains spaces or characters that are special to your command interpreter.
Examples:
"--where=user='jimf'" "-wuserid>1" "-wuserid<1"
· --xml, -X
Write dump output as well-formed XML.
You can also set the following variables by using --var_name=value options:
· max_allowed_packet
The maximum size of the buffer for client/server communication. The value of the variable can be up to 16MB before MySQL 4.0, and up to 1GB from MySQL 4.0 on.
· net_buffer_length
The initial size of the buffer for client/server communication. When creating multiple-row-insert statements (as with option --extended-insert or --opt), mysqldump creates rows up to net_buffer_length length. If you increase this variable, you should also ensure that the net_buffer_length variable in the MySQL server is at least this large.
It is also possible to set variables by using --set-variable=var_name=value or -O var_name=value syntax. However, this syntax is deprecated as of MySQL 4.0.
The most common use of mysqldump is probably for making a backup of an entire database:
shell> mysqldump --opt db_name > backup-file.sql
You can read the dump file back into the server like this:
shell> mysql db_name < backup-file.sql
Or like this:
shell> mysql -e "source /path-to-backup/backup-file.sql" db_name
mysqldump is also very useful for populating databases by copying data from one MySQL server to another:
shell> mysqldump --opt db_name | mysql --host=remote_host -C db_name
It is possible to dump several databases with one command:
shell> mysqldump --databases db_name1 [db_name2 ...] > my_databases.sql
If you want to dump all databases, use the --all-databases option:
shell> mysqldump --all-databases > all_databases.sql
If tables are stored in the InnoDB storage engine, mysqldump provides a way of making an online backup of these (see command below). This backup just needs to acquire a global read lock on all tables (using FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK) at the beginning of the dump. As soon as this lock has been acquired, the binary log coordinates are read and lock is released. So if and only if one long updating statement is running when the FLUSH... is issued, the MySQL server may get stalled until that long statement finishes, and then the dump becomes lock-free. So if the MySQL server receives only short (in the sense of "short execution time") updating statements, even if there are plenty of them, the initial lock period should not be noticeable.
shell> mysqldump --all-databases --single-transaction > all_databases.sql
For point-in-time recovery (also known as “roll-forward”, when you need to restore an old backup and replay the changes which happened since that backup), it is often useful to rotate the binary log (see Section 8.4, “The Binary Log”) or at least know the binary log coordinates to which the dump corresponds:
shell> mysqldump --all-databases --master-data=2 > all_databases.sql or shell> mysqldump --all-databases --flush-logs --master-data=2 > all_databases.sql
The simultaneous use of --master-data and --single-transaction works as of MySQL 4.1.8. It provides a convenient way to make an online backup suitable for point-in-time recovery if tables are stored in the InnoDB storage engine.
For more information on making backups, see Section 6.1, “Database Backups”.
SEE ALSO isamchk(1), isamlog(1), msql2mysql(1), myisamchk(1), myisamlog(1), myisampack(1), mysql(1), mysql.server(1), mysql_config(1), mysql_fix_privilege_tables(1), mysql_zap(1), mysqlaccess(1), mysqladmin(1), mysqlbinlog(1), mysqlcheck(1), mysqld(1), mysqld_multi(1), mysqld_safe(1), mysqlhotcopy(1), mysqlimport(1), mysqlshow(1), pack_isam(1), perror(1), replace(1), safe_mysqld(1)
For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual, which may already be installed locally and which is also available online at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.
AUTHOR MySQL AB (http://www.mysql.com/). This software comes with no warranty.
