本文转载自nino’s blog。
本篇总结pilot的xDS常用接口,顺便浏览了部分pilot实现,下篇总结下istio的流量管理和服务发现的实现。简单来说istio做为管理面,集合了配置中心和服务中心两个功能,并把配置发现和服务发现以一组统一的xDS接口提供出来,数据面的envoy通过xDS获取需要的信息来做服务间通信和服务治理。
api v1 reference
Istio中部署pilot的启动方式是pilot-discovery discovery
。初始化阶段依次init了各种模块,其中discovery service就是xDS相关实现。envoy API reference 可以查到v1和v2两个版本的API文档。envoy control plane 给了v2 grpc接口相关的数据结构和接口。
pilot-xDS是几个月前0.6.0版本的环境上实验的接口,今天在0.8.0上跑发现RDS和CDS都查不到配置了,心好累。追到对应版本的代码发现因为routerule的配置升级到v1alpha3 routing API之后,APIV1只支持原来route rule配置,APIV2才支持virtual service相关配置,所以0.8.0环境上RDS查不到信息。
sDS
Tips 最初看xDS的文档的时候,非常疑惑这些接口里的service-key service-node cluster-name到底是什么含义,在0.6.0版本中有个cache_stats接口,只要envoy调用过,这次查询记录就可以在cache_stats中看到。本节记录每个字段的含义和查询方式。
curl http://xx/v1/registration
curl http://xx/v1/registration/reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local\|http
curl http://xx/v1/registration/reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local\|http\|version=v2
pilot/pkg/proxy/envoy/v1/discovery.go 里v1接口文件中register函数完成了向go-restful注册服务。查询可以根据条件除了带上service-key,还可以在末尾带上labels,比如version=v2。在kube-service-registry当中service的查询是通过service endpoint 的shared informer查询的,可以很方便的匹配labels。
[{
"service-key": "details.nino.svc.cluster.local|http",
"hosts": [{
"ip_address": "10.244.0.37",
"port": 9080
}]
}, {
"service-key": "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http",
"hosts": [{
"ip_address": "10.244.0.38",
"port": 9080
}, {
"ip_address": "10.244.0.41",
"port": 9080
}, {
"ip_address": "10.244.0.42",
"port": 9080
}]
}]
cDS
cDS的接口里的cluster_name和service_node可以通过envoy启动参数配置。其中cluster_name可以通过serviceCluster配置,service_node默认通过ENVOY_TYPE、POD_NAME、POD_NAMESPACE和INSTANCE_IP这些环境变量合成。
/v1/{:cluster_name}/{:service_node}
curl http://xx/v1/clusters/productpage/sidecar~10.244.0.40~productpage-v1-
8666ffbd7c-mf5f4.nino~nino.svc.cluster.local
{
"clusters": [{
"name": "in.9080",
"connect_timeout_ms": 1000,
"type": "static",
"lb_type": "round_robin",
"hosts": [{
"url": "tcp://127.0.0.1:9080"
}]
},{
"name": "out.ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
"service_name": "ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
"connect_timeout_ms": 1000,
"type": "sds",
"lb_type": "round_robin"
},{
"name": "out.reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
"service_name": "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
"connect_timeout_ms": 1000,
"type": "sds",
"lb_type": "round_robin"
},{
"name": "out.reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v2",
"service_name": "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v2",
"connect_timeout_ms": 1000,
"type": "sds",
"lb_type": "round_robin"
}]
}
rDS
接口类似cDS,通过istioctl创建了route rule之后可以通过routes查到结果。下面的例子是发布了关于reviews服务的权重规则。可以通过以下RDS接口查到对应的权重规则。
/v1/{:route_config_name}/{:cluster_name}/{:service_node}
curl http://xx/v1/routes/9080/productpage/sidecar~10.244.0.40~
productpage-v1-8666ffbd7c-mf5f4.nino~nino.svc.cluster.local
{
"validate_clusters": true,
"virtual_hosts": [
{
"name": "ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local|http",
"domains": [
"ratings:9080",
"ratings",
"ratings.nino:9080",
"ratings.nino",
"ratings.nino.svc:9080",
"ratings.nino.svc",
"ratings.nino.svc.cluster:9080",
"ratings.nino.svc.cluster",
"ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
"ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local",
"10.101.178.48:9080",
"10.101.178.48"
],
"routes": [
{
"prefix": "/",
"cluster": "out.ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
"timeout_ms": 0,
"decorator": {
"operation": "ratings-default"
}
}
]
},
{
"name": "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http",
"domains": [
"reviews:9080",
"reviews",
"reviews.nino:9080",
"reviews.nino",
"reviews.nino.svc:9080",
"reviews.nino.svc",
"reviews.nino.svc.cluster:9080",
"reviews.nino.svc.cluster",
"reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
"reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
"10.108.121.171:9080",
"10.108.121.171"
],
"routes": [
{
"prefix": "/",
"weighted_clusters": {
"clusters": [
{
"name": "out.reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
"weight": 50
},
{
"name": "out.reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v2",
"weight": 50
}
]
},
"timeout_ms": 0,
"decorator": {
"operation": "reviews-default"
}
}
]
}
]
}
api v2 reference
eds http debug
虽然v2是grpc的接口,但是pilot提供了InitDebug
,可以通过debug接口查询服务和routes等服务和配置信息。比如下面是edsz的debug接口。
curl http://10.99.241.12:8080/debug/edsz
[{
"clusterName": "outbound|9080||reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
"endpoints": [{
"lbEndpoints": [{
"endpoint": {
"address": {
"socketAddress": {
"address": "10.244.0.56",
"portValue": 9080
}
}
}
}, {
"endpoint": {
"address": {
"socketAddress": {
"address": "10.244.0.58",
"portValue": 9080
}
}
}
}, {
"endpoint": {
"address": {
"socketAddress": {
"address": "10.244.2.25",
"portValue": 9080
}
}
}
}]
}]
}, {
"clusterName": "outbound|9080|v3|reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
"endpoints": [{
"lbEndpoints": [{
"endpoint": {
"address": {
"socketAddress": {
"address": "10.244.0.58",
"portValue": 9080
}
}
}
}]
}]
}]
eds grpc
在envoy的go-control-plane接口定义中istio需要实现以下接口,结果pilot只实现了StreamEndpoints。看了下基本实现eds只需要DiscoveryRequest里的ResourceNames这个字段,其实跟v1的接口一样就是需要service-key。NodeId和TypeUrl可省略,后者默认就是EndpointType。
type EndpointDiscoveryServiceServer interface {
StreamEndpoints(EndpointDiscoveryService_StreamEndpointsServer) error
FetchEndpoints(context.Context, *DiscoveryRequest) (*DiscoveryResponse, error)
}
type EndpointDiscoveryService_StreamEndpointsServer interface {
Send(*DiscoveryResponse) error
Recv() (*DiscoveryRequest, error)
grpc.ServerStream
}
这个ResourceNames支持两种格式,其中v1和version=v1可以没有,这个代表labels和新版定义的subsets。eds的解析里兼容两个版本的解析方式。
outbound|http|v1|istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local
istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1
istio/pilot/pkg/proxy/envoy/v2/eds.go
xds := xdsapi.NewEndpointDiscoveryServiceClient(conn)
edsstr, err := xds.StreamEndpoints(context.Background())
err = edsstr.Send(&xdsapi.DiscoveryRequest{
ResourceNames: []string{"istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1"},
TypeUrl: EndpointType,
})
res1, err := edsstr.Recv()
cla, err := getLoadAssignment(res1)
pilot把这个响应DiscoveryResponse
的Resources字段用ClusterLoadAssignment
代替。客户端需要getLoadAssignment
从res1.Resources[0].Value反序列化出真正的响应结构。
github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/api/v2/eds.pb.go
type ClusterLoadAssignment struct {
ClusterName string
// List of endpoints to load balance to.
Endpoints []envoy_api_v2_endpoint.LocalityLbEndpoints
// Load balancing policy settings.
Policy *ClusterLoadAssignment_Policy
}
ads grpc
查询eds还有另一种方式ads,即Aggregated Discovery Service,它封装了下面这个接口。istio在实现过程中根据typeUrl识别xDS的类别。除了eds以外,其他lds rds cds都是由ads集成的,没有单独的xds接口了。
type AggregatedDiscoveryServiceServer interface {
// This is a gRPC-only API.
StreamAggregatedResources(AggregatedDiscoveryService_StreamAggregatedResourcesServer) error
}
当类型选择为EndpointType时,查询结果跟eds一致,不过ads接口要求NodeID必须在pilot缓存中存在。
xds := ads.NewAggregatedDiscoveryServiceClient(conn)
adser, err := xds.StreamAggregatedResources(context.Background())
err = adser.Send(&xdsapi.DiscoveryRequest{
Node: &envoy_api_v2_core1.Node{
Id: "sidecar~10.109.11.31~productpage-v1-586c4486b7-rk2rh.nino~nino.svc.cluster.local",
},
ResourceNames: []string{"istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local|http"},
TypeUrl: EndpointType,
})
res1, err := adser.Recv()
cla, err := getLoadAssignment(res1)
cds http debug
通过cdsz可以看到每个nodeID对应的clusters的配置,如果系统中用户没有发布subnets,从cds实际上查不到带tag或者说带version的信息。
curl http://10.99.241.12:8080/debug/cdsz
{
"name": "outbound|8084||istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local",
"type": "EDS",
"edsClusterConfig": {
"edsConfig": {
"ads": {
}
},
"serviceName": "outbound|8084||istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local"
},
"connectTimeout": "1.000s",
"circuitBreakers": {
"thresholds": [
{
}
]
}
},
cds grpc
cds接口返回的数据是Cluster,包含了所有这个服务的配置信息。但因为目前用不到就布列出来了,具体定义见文件 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/api/v2/cds.pb.go
type Cluster struct {
Name string
...
Type Cluster_DiscoveryType
EdsClusterConfig *Cluster_EdsClusterConfig
ConnectTimeout time.Duration
LbPolicy Cluster_LbPolicy
CircuitBreakers *envoy_api_v2_cluster.CircuitBreakers
...
}
rds grpc
rds接口返回的数据结构是RouteConfiguration
,这个RouteConfiguration对应的是新版本的路由配置格式,就是virtual service和destination rules这对规则。
github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/api/v2/rds.pb.go
type RouteConfiguration struct {
Name string
VirtualHosts []envoy_api_v2_route.VirtualHost
InternalOnlyHeaders []string
ResponseHeadersToAdd []*envoy_api_v2_core1.HeaderValueOption
ResponseHeadersToRemove []string
RequestHeadersToAdd []*envoy_api_v2_core1.HeaderValueOption
ValidateClusters *google_protobuf.BoolValue
}
看了数据结构注释,在RDS当中ResourceName填的是routeConfiguration的名字。
rds.Send(&xdsapi.DiscoveryRequest{
ResponseNonce: time.Now().String(),
Node: &envoy_api_v2_core1.Node{
Id: "sidecar~10.244.0.58~reviews-v3-79fb5c99d5-d9k7b.nino~nino.svc.cluster.local",
},
ResourceNames: []string{"9080"},
TypeUrl: RouteType})
rds的查询结果实例如下,我就是发布了一个reviews的50%:50%的权重规则。
{
"versionInfo": "2018-06-21 07:23:37.290525595 +0000 UTC m=+600.138437218",
"resources": [
{
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/envoy.api.v2.RouteConfiguration",
"name": "9080",
"virtualHosts": [
{
"name": "productpage.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
"domains": [
"productpage.nino.svc.cluster.local",
"productpage.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
"productpage",
"productpage:9080",
"productpage.nino.svc.cluster",
"productpage.nino.svc.cluster:9080",
"productpage.nino.svc",
"productpage.nino.svc:9080",
"productpage.nino",
"productpage.nino:9080",
"10.109.11.31",
"10.109.11.31:9080"
],
"routes": [
{
"match": {
"prefix": "/"
},
"route": {
"cluster": "outbound|9080|v1|productpage.nino.svc.cluster.local",
"useWebsocket": false
},
"decorator": {
"operation": "productpage"
}
}
]
},
{
"name": "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
"domains": [
"reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
"reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
"reviews",
"reviews:9080",
"reviews.nino.svc.cluster",
"reviews.nino.svc.cluster:9080",
"reviews.nino.svc",
"reviews.nino.svc:9080",
"reviews.nino",
"reviews.nino:9080",
"10.109.242.124",
"10.109.242.124:9080"
],
"routes": [
{
"match": {
"prefix": "/"
},
"route": {
"weightedClusters": {
"clusters": [
{
"name": "outbound|9080|v2|reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
"weight": 50
},
{
"name": "outbound|9080|v3|reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
"weight": 50
}
]
},
"useWebsocket": false
},
"decorator": {
"operation": "reviews"
}
}
]
}
],
"validateClusters": false
}
],
"typeUrl": "type.googleapis.com/envoy.api.v2.RouteConfiguration",
"nonce": "2018-06-21 07:23:59.18418814 +0000 UTC m=+622.032099759"
}
参考
- envoy API reference
- envoy control plane
- istio指南