日志实时收集分析ELK Stack-每日运维

ELK stack

ELK stack是又Elasticsearch，lostash,kibana 三个开源软件的组合而成，形成一款强大的实时日志收集分析展示系统。

Logstash：日志收集工具，可以从本地磁盘，网络服务（自己监听端口，接受用户日志），消息队列中收集各种各样的日志，然后进行过滤分析，并将日志输入到Elasticsearch中。

Elasticsearch：日志分布式存储/搜索工具，原生支持集群功能，可以将指定时间的日志生成一个索引，加快日志查询和访问。

Kibana：可视化日志web展示工具，对Elasticsearch中存储的日志进行展示，还可以生成炫丽的仪表盘。

拓扑

nginx代理两台Elasticsearch集群，logstash将客户端端日志手到redis，redis将数据传递给es，客户端使用lostash将日志传递给redis

环境

[root@localhost logs]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.6 (Final)[root@localhost logs]# uname -rm2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 x86_64[root@localhost logs]#

使用软件

elasticsearch-1.7.4.tar.gzkibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gzlogstash-1.5.5.tar.gz

时间同步

ntpdate time.nist.gov

Elasticsearch集群安装配置

一，192.168.1.8下载安装 elasticsearch

yum -y install java-1.8.0 lrzsz git
wget -P /usr/local https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.4.tar.gz
cd /usr/local
tar xf elasticsearch-1.7.4.tar.gz 
ln -s elasticsearch-1.7.4 elasticsearch

修改配置文件vim elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml

cluster.name: LinuxEA     群集名称
node.name: "linuxEA-ES1"  节点名称
node.master: true     是否为主
node.data: true   是否存储
index.number_of_shards: 5  分片
index.number_of_replicas: 1
path.conf: /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/  配置文件路径
path.data: /data/es-data  date路径
path.work: /data/es-worker
path.logs:  /usr/local/elasticsearch/logs/  日志
path.plugins: /usr/local/elasticsearch/plugins  模块
bootstrap.mlockall: true 不写入内存
network.host: 192.168.1.8
http.port: 9200

创建目录

mkdir /data/es-data -p
mkdir /data/es-worker -p
mkdir /usr/local/elasticsearch/logs
mkdir /usr/local/elasticsearch/plugins

下载启动配置文件

git clone https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch-servicewrapper.git
mv elasticsearch-servicewrapper/service/ /usr/local/elasticsearch/bin/
/usr/local/elasticsearch/bin/service/elasticsearch install

修改配置文件

vim /usr/local/elasticsearch/bin/service/elasticsearch.conf  
set.default.ES_HOME=/usr/local/elasticsearch    #设置ES的安装路径，必须和安装路径保持一直
set.default.ES_HEAP_SIZE=1024

启动

[root@elk1 local]# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch start
Starting Elasticsearch...
Waiting for Elasticsearch......
running: PID:4355
[root@elk1 local]# netstat -tlntp|grep -E "9200|9300"
tcp        0      0 ::ffff:192.168.1.8:9300     :::*                        LISTEN      4357/java           
tcp        0      0 ::ffff:192.168.1.8:9200     :::*                        LISTEN      4357/java           
[root@elk1 local]#

curl

[root@elk1 local]# curl http://192.168.1.8:9200
{
  "status" : 200,
  "name" : "linuxEA-ES1",
  "cluster_name" : "LinuxEA",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "1.7.4",
    "build_hash" : "0d3159b9fc8bc8e367c5c40c09c2a57c0032b32e",
    "build_timestamp" : "2015-12-15T11:25:18Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "4.10.4"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
[root@elk1 local]#

Elasticsearch2

二，192.168.1.7 Elasticsearch2

[root@elk2 local]# vim elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: LinuxEA
node.name: "linuxEA-ES2"
node.master: true
node.data: true
index.number_of_shards: 5
index.number_of_replicas: 1
path.conf: /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/
path.data: /data/es-data
path.work: /data/es-worker
path.logs:  /usr/local/elasticsearch/logs/
path.plugins: /usr/local/elasticsearch/plugins
bootstrap.mlockall: true
network.host: 192.168.1.7
http.port: 9200

创建目录

mkdir /data/es-data -p
mkdir /data/es-worker -p
mkdir /usr/local/elasticsearch/logs
mkdir /usr/local/elasticsearch/plugins

下载启动配置文件

git clone https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch-servicewrapper.git
mv elasticsearch-servicewrapper/service/ /usr/local/elasticsearch/bin/
/usr/local/elasticsearch/bin/service/elasticsearch install

修改配置文件

vim /usr/local/elasticsearch/bin/service/elasticsearch.conf  
set.default.ES_HOME=/usr/local/elasticsearch    #设置ES的安装路径，必须和安装路径保持一直
set.default.ES_HEAP_SIZE=1024

启动

[root@elk2 local]# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch start
Starting Elasticsearch...
Waiting for Elasticsearch......
running: PID:4355
[root@elk2 ~]# netstat -tlntp|grep -E "9200|9300"
tcp        0      0 ::ffff:192.168.1.7:9300     :::*                        LISTEN      4568/java           
tcp        0      0 ::ffff:192.168.1.7:9200     :::*                        LISTEN      4568/java           
[root@elk2 ~]#

curl

[root@elk2 ~]# curl http://192.168.1.7:9200
{
  "status" : 200,
  "name" : "linuxEA-ES2",
  "cluster_name" : "LinuxEA",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "1.7.4",
    "build_hash" : "0d3159b9fc8bc8e367c5c40c09c2a57c0032b32e",
    "build_timestamp" : "2015-12-15T11:25:18Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "4.10.4"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
[root@elk2 ~]#

集群插件elasticsearch-head

三,192.168.1.7 elasticsearch-head安装五星表示主节点，原点表示工作节点

[root@elk2 ~]# /usr/local/elasticsearch/bin/plugin -i mobz/elasticsearch-head

redis+logstash

四，192.168.1.6安装redis+logstash，主要用于将redis数据传递到es安装java依赖包

yum -y install java-1.8.0 lrzsz git
wget -P /usr/local https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/logstash-1.5.5.tar.gz
cd /usr/local
tar xf logstash-1.5.5.tar.gz 
ln -s logstash-1.5.5 logstash

启动脚本

[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/init.d/logstash
#!/bin/sh
# Init script for logstash
# Maintained by Elasticsearch
# Generated by pleaserun.
# Implemented based on LSB Core 3.1:
#   * Sections: 20.2, 20.3
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          logstash
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description:
# Description:        Starts Logstash as a daemon.
### END INIT INFO
 
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
export PATH
 
if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "You need root privileges to run this script"
   exit 1
fi
 
name=logstash
pidfile="/var/run/$name.pid"
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
LS_USER=logstash
LS_GROUP=logstash
LS_HOME=/usr/local/logstash
LS_HEAP_SIZE="500m"
LS_JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.io.tmpdir=${LS_HOME}"
LS_LOG_DIR=/usr/local/logstash
LS_LOG_FILE="${LS_LOG_DIR}/$name.log"
LS_CONF_FILE=/etc/logstash.conf
LS_OPEN_FILES=16384
LS_NICE=19
LS_OPTS=""
 
[ -r /etc/default/$name ] && . /etc/default/$name
[ -r /etc/sysconfig/$name ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$name
 
program=/usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash
args="agent -f ${LS_CONF_FILE} -l ${LS_LOG_FILE} ${LS_OPTS}"
 
start() {
 
 
  JAVA_OPTS=${LS_JAVA_OPTS}
  HOME=${LS_HOME}
  export PATH HOME JAVA_OPTS LS_HEAP_SIZE LS_JAVA_OPTS LS_USE_GC_LOGGING
 
  # set ulimit as (root, presumably) first, before we drop privileges
  ulimit -n ${LS_OPEN_FILES}
 
  # Run the program!
  nice -n ${LS_NICE} sh -c "
    cd $LS_HOME
    ulimit -n ${LS_OPEN_FILES}
    exec "$program" $args
  " &gt; "${LS_LOG_DIR}/$name.stdout" 2> "${LS_LOG_DIR}/$name.err" &amp;
 
  # Generate the pidfile from here. If we instead made the forked process
  # generate it there will be a race condition between the pidfile writing
  # and a process possibly asking for status.
  echo $! &gt; $pidfile
 
  echo "$name started."
  return 0
}
 
stop() {
  # Try a few times to kill TERM the program
  if status ; then
    pid=`cat "$pidfile"`
    echo "Killing $name (pid $pid) with SIGTERM"
    kill -TERM $pid
    # Wait for it to exit.
    for i in 1 2 3 4 5 ; do
      echo "Waiting $name (pid $pid) to die..."
      status || break
      sleep 1
    done
    if status ; then
      echo "$name stop failed; still running."
    else
      echo "$name stopped."
    fi
  fi
}
 
status() {
  if [ -f "$pidfile" ] ; then
    pid=`cat "$pidfile"`
    if kill -0 $pid > /dev/null 2> /dev/null ; then
      # process by this pid is running.
      # It may not be our pid, but that's what you get with just pidfiles.
      # TODO(sissel): Check if this process seems to be the same as the one we
      # expect. It'd be nice to use flock here, but flock uses fork, not exec,
      # so it makes it quite awkward to use in this case.
      return 0
    else
      return 2 # program is dead but pid file exists
    fi
  else
    return 3 # program is not running
  fi
}
 
force_stop() {
  if status ; then
    stop
    status && kill -KILL `cat "$pidfile"`
  fi
}
 
 
case "$1" in
  start)
    status
    code=$?
    if [ $code -eq 0 ]; then
      echo "$name is already running"
    else
      start
      code=$?
    fi
    exit $code
    ;;
  stop) stop ;;
  force-stop) force_stop ;;
  status)
    status
    code=$?
    if [ $code -eq 0 ] ; then
      echo "$name is running"
    else
      echo "$name is not running"
    fi
    exit $code
    ;;
  restart)
     
    stop && start
    ;;
  reload)
    stop && start
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|force-stop|status|restart}" >&2
    exit 3
  ;;
esac
 
exit $?

开机启动

[root@localhost local]# chmod +X /etc/init.d/logstash
chkconfig --add logstash
chkconfig logstash on

1，编辑logstash配置文件

[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/logstash.conf
input {         #表示从标准输入中收集日志
  stdin {}
}
 
output {       
  elasticsearch  {  #表示将日志输出到ES中
    host => ["172.16.4.102:9200","172.16.4.103:9200"]   #可以指定多台主机，也可以指定集群中的单台主机
    protocol => "http"
  }
}

2.手动写入数据

[root@localhost local]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash.conf
Logstash startup completed
hello word!

3.写入完成，查看ES中已经写入，并自动建立一个索引4.redis1，安装redis

yum -y install redis
vim /etc/redis.conf
bind 192.168.1.6
/etc/init.d/redis start

2,安装logstash，如上即可3，logstash+redislogstash来读取redis内容到es

cat /etc/logstash.conf
input {
        redis {
        host => "192.168.1.6"
        data_type => "list"
        key => "nginx-access.log"
        port => "6379"
        db => "2"
}
}
output {
   elasticsearch {
        host => ["192.168.1.7:9200","192.168.1.8:9200"]
        index => "nginx-access-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
        protocol => "http"
        workers => 5
        template_overwrite => true
}
}

nginx+logstash示例

五，192.168.1.4 安装logstash和nginx，logstash将nginx数据传递到redis即可logstash如第四步安装即可

yum -y install pcre pcre-devel openssl-devel oepnssl
http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
groupadd -r nginx
useradd -g nginx -r nginx
ln -s /usr/local/nginx-1.6.3 /usr/local/nginx

编译安装

 ./configure 
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx 
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
--user=nginx --group=nginx 
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log 
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log 
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid 
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock 
--with-http_ssl_module 
--with-http_stub_status_module 
--with-http_gzip_static_module 
--with-http_flv_module 
--with-http_mp4_module 
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client 
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy 
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fastcgi 
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi
make && make install
mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/{client,fastcgi,proxy,uwsgi}
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/logs/
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

修改日志格式vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

log_format logstash_json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
     '"host": "$server_addr",'
     '"client": "$remote_addr",'
     '"size": $body_bytes_sent,'
     '"responsetime": $request_time,'
     '"domain": "$host",'
     '"url":"$uri",'
     '"referer": "$http_referer",'
     '"agent": "$http_user_agent",'
     '"status":"$status"}';
access_log  logs/access_json.access.log  logstash_json;

日志已经生成

[root@localhost nginx]# ll logs/
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6974 Mar 31 08:44 access_json.access.log

日志格式已经被修改好

[root@localhost nginx]# cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.access.log 
{"@timestamp":"2016-03-31T08:44:48-07:00","host": "192.168.1.4","client": "192.168.1.200","size": 0,"responsetime": 0.000,"domain": "192.168.1.4","url":"/index.html","referer": "-","agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.80 Safari/537.36","status":"304"}
{"@timestamp":"2016-03-31T08:44:48-07:00","host": "192.168.1.4","client": "192.168.1.200","size": 0,"responsetime": 0.000,"domain": "192.168.1.4","url":"/index.html","referer": "-","agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.80 Safari/537.36","status":"304"}
{"@timestamp":"2016-03-31T08:44:48-07:00","host": "192.168.1.4","client": "192.168.1.200","size": 0,"responsetime": 0.000,"domain": "192.168.1.4","url":"/index.html","referer": "-","agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.80 Safari/537.36","status":"304"}

将nginx日志传递给redis

[root@elk1 logs]# cat /etc/logstash.conf 
input {
 file {
        path => "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.access.log"
    codec => "json"        
}
}
output {
  redis {
    host => "192.168.1.6"
    data_type => "list"
    key => "nginx-access.log"
    port => "6379"
    db => "2"
}
}
[root@elk1 logs]#

分别在redis上，和nginx上启动logstashnohup /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash.conf

el+kibana

六，192.168.1.7 el+kibana

wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
tar xf kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz 
ln -sv kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64 kibana
vim /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml 
elasticsearch_url: "http://192.168.1.7:9200"
pid_file: /var/run/kibana.pid
log_file: /usr/local/kibana/kibana.log
nohup ./kibana/bin/kibana &

192.168.1.8 el+kibana

wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
tar xf kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz 
ln -sv kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64 kibana
vim /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml 
elasticsearch_url: "http://192.168.1.8:9200"
pid_file: /var/run/kibana.pid
log_file: /usr/local/kibana/kibana.log
nohup ./kibana/bin/kibana &

nginx代理

七，192.168.1.200 Nginx反向代理el+kibana（192.168.1.7和192.168.1.8）基于账户和IP做控制auth_basic "Only for VIPs";

定义名称

auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/users/.htpasswd;

定义控制用户名的文件路径，为隐藏文件

}deny 172.16.0.1;#拒绝172.16.0.1访问，允许便是allow

比如,只允许172.16.0.1，其他拒绝：

`allow 172.16.0.1/16;deny all;`

如下：

[root@localhost nginx]# vim nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
log_format logstash_json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
     '"host": "$server_addr",'
     '"client": "$remote_addr",'
     '"size": $body_bytes_sent,'
     '"responsetime": $request_time,'
     '"domain": "$host",'
     '"url":"$uri",'
     '"referer": "$http_referer",'
     '"agent": "$http_user_agent",'
     '"status":"$status"}';
access_log  logs/access_json.access.log  logstash_json;


    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    upstream kibana {  #定义后端主机组
      server 192.168.1.8:5601 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2; 
      server 192.168.1.7:5601 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
    }
  server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    auth_basic "Only for ELK Stack VIPs"; #basic
    auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd; #用户认证密码文件位置
    allow 192.168.1.200; #允许192.168.1.200
    allow 192.168.1.0/24; #允许192.168.1.0网段
    allow 10.0.0.1; #允许10.0.0.1
    allow 10.0.0.254; #允许10.0.0.254
    deny all;  #拒绝所有
    location / {    #定义反向代理，将访问自己的请求，都转发到kibana服务器
        proxy_pass http://kibana/;
        index  index.html index.htm;
}
}
}

修改权限

[root@localhost nginx]# chmod 400 /etc/nginx/.htpasswd 
[root@localhost nginx]# chown nginx. /etc/nginx/.htpasswd
[root@localhost nginx]# cat /etc/nginx/.htpasswd
linuxea:$apr1$EGCdQ5wx$bD2CwXgww3y/xcCjVBcCD0
[root@localhost nginx]#

添加用户和密码

[root@localhost ~]# htpasswd -c -m /etc/nginx/.htpasswd linuxea
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user linuxea
[root@localhost ~]#

现在就可以用192.168.1.4访问，这里收集的就是代理nginx自己的日志

kibana

打开后，点击settings，add，这里的名称需要遵循固定格式YYYY.MM.DD，日志名称可在http://IP:9200/_plugin/head/查看即可如:搜索ip段：status:200 AND hosts:192.168.1.200status:200 OR status:400status:[400 TO 499]如果你有多个你可以输入后，会自动索引出来，而后create即可如果有多个log +add new即可而后选择discover，选择合适的时间你可以根据想要的结果而输入对应的字段搜索点击visualize选择对应内容，出图也可以在discover界面选择，点击visualize如下

kibana更多出图可参考kibana.logstash.es

一台机器有多个日志收集,通过if，kye,db区分

input {
  file {
    type => "apache"
    path => "/date/logs/access.log"
  }
  file {
    type => "php-error.log"
    path => "/data/logs/php-error.log"
  }
}
output {
  if [type] == "apache"
  redis {
    host => "192.168.1.6"
    port => "6379"
    db => "1"
    data_type => "list"
    key => "access.log"
  }
}
   if [type] == "php-error.log"
  redis {
    host => "192.168.1.6"
    port => "6379"
    db => "2"
    data_type => "list"
    key => "php-error.log"
  }
}

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日志实时收集分析ELK Stack

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