解析SQL 表结构信息查询 含主外键、自增长

最近项目需要做什么数据字典，需要表结构信息。在网上看了许多关于表结构信息的查询，感觉都不怎么样。相对好一点就是《 基于SQL2005 SQL2008 表结构信息查询升级版的详解(含外键信

最近项目需要做什么数据字典，需要表结构信息。在网上看了许多关于表结构信息的查询，感觉都不怎么样。相对好一点就是《基于SQL2005 SQL2008 表结构信息查询升级版的详解(含外键信息)》 ，但是这里有一点小问题，缺少一个过滤以致运行有一点小bug。在AdventureWorks2012数据库中的Address表查询结果如图：在查询过滤中我们添加以下信息就ok了：AND g.class_desc = 'OBJECT_OR_COLUMN'修改后的SQL如下：复制代码 代码如下:SELECT  表名 = CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.name                  ELSE ''             END ,        表说明 = CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN ISNULL(f.value, '')                   ELSE ''              END ,        字段序号 = a.colorder ,        字段名 = a.name ,        标识 = CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '√'                  ELSE ''             END ,        主键 = CASE WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT  1                                FROM    dbo.sysindexes si                                        INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id                                                              AND si.indid = sik.indid                                        INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id                                                              AND sc.colid = sik.colid                                        INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = so.name                                                              AND so.xtype = 'PK'                                WHERE   sc.id = a.id                                        AND sc.colid = a.colid ) THEN '√'                  ELSE ''             END ,        外键 = CASE WHEN tony.fkey IS NOT NULL                       AND tony.fkey = a.colid THEN '√'                  ELSE ''             END ,        外键表 = CASE WHEN tony.fkey IS NOT NULL                        AND tony.fkey = a.colid THEN OBJECT_NAME(tony.fkeyid)                   ELSE ''              END ,        外键字段 = CASE WHEN tony.fkey IS NOT NULL                         AND tony.fkey = a.colid                    THEN ( SELECT   name                           FROM     syscolumns                           WHERE    colid = tony.fkey                                    AND id = tony.fkeyid                         )                    ELSE ''               END ,        类型 = b.name ,        长度 = a.length ,        精度 = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION') ,        小数位数 = ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 0) ,        允许空 = CASE WHEN a.isnullable = 1 THEN '√'                   ELSE ''              END ,        默认值 = ISNULL(e.text, '') ,        字段说明 = ISNULL(g.[value], '') ,        创建时间 = d.crdate ,        更改时间 = CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.refdate                    ELSE NULL               ENDFROM    dbo.syscolumns a        LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes b ON a.xtype = b.xusertype        INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id                                       AND d.xtype = 'U'                                       AND d.status >= 0        LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments e ON a.cdefault = e.id        LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties g ON a.id = g.major_id                                               AND a.colid = g.minor_id                                               AND g.class_desc = 'OBJECT_OR_COLUMN'        LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties f ON d.id = f.major_id                                               AND f.minor_id = 0        LEFT JOIN sysobjects htl ON htl.parent_obj = d.id                                    AND htl.xtype = 'F'        LEFT JOIN sysforeignkeys tony ON htl.id = tony.constidWHERE   d.name = 'Address'  --这里输入包含表名称的条件ORDER BY d.id ,        a.colorder运行结果如图： 我不怎么喜欢它的“类型”信息，一般的varchar都会有长度信息，还有这个查询对于SQL 2012的新数据类型不支持，该SQL里面的嵌套查询比较多，于是我就自己重新写了一个SQL。这里提醒大家尽量用INFORMATION_SCHEMA.XXX视图而不去用sys.XXX视图。新的SQL如下：复制代码 代码如下:SELECT  --OBJECT_ID(a.TABLE_SCHEMA + '.' + a.TABLE_NAME) AS [object_id] ,        CASE WHEN a.ORDINAL_POSITION = 1             THEN a.TABLE_SCHEMA + '.' + a.TABLE_NAME             ELSE ''        END AS TABLE_NAME ,        CASE WHEN ( a.ORDINAL_POSITION = 1                    AND p1.value IS NOT NULL                  ) THEN p1.value             ELSE ''        END AS TABLE_Description ,        a.COLUMN_NAME ,        CASE WHEN ( ( CHARINDEX('char', a.DATA_TYPE) > 0                      OR CHARINDEX('binary', a.DATA_TYPE) > 0                    )                    AND a.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH <> -1                  )             THEN a.DATA_TYPE + '('                  + CAST(a.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR(4)) + ')'             WHEN ( ( CHARINDEX('CHAR', a.DATA_TYPE) > 0                      OR CHARINDEX('binary', a.DATA_TYPE) > 0                    )                    AND a.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH = -1                  ) THEN a.DATA_TYPE + '(max)'             WHEN ( CHARINDEX('numeric', a.DATA_TYPE) > 0 )             THEN a.DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(a.NUMERIC_PRECISION AS VARCHAR(4))                  + ',' + CAST(a.NUMERIC_SCALE AS VARCHAR(4)) + ')'             ELSE a.DATA_TYPE        END AS COLUMN_TYPE ,        CASE WHEN c.IS_IDENTITY = 1 THEN 'YES'             ELSE 'NO'        END AS IS_IDENTITY ,        a.IS_NULLABLE ,        CASE WHEN a.COLUMN_DEFAULT IS NULL THEN ''             ELSE a.COLUMN_DEFAULT        END AS Default_Value ,        CASE WHEN p.value IS NULL THEN ''             ELSE p.value        END AS [COLUMN_Description] ,        CASE WHEN o.name IS  NULL THEN ''             ELSE '√'        END AS Is_PrimaryKey ,        CASE WHEN f.parent_column_id IS NULL THEN ''             ELSE '√'        END AS Is_Foreignkeys ,        CASE WHEN referenced_object_id IS NULL THEN ''             ELSE OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id)        END AS Foreign_Table ,        CASE WHEN referenced_object_id IS NULL THEN ''             ELSE ( SELECT  name                    FROM    sys.columns                    WHERE   object_id = f.referenced_object_id                            AND column_id = f.referenced_column_id                  )        END AS Foreign_keyFROM    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS a        INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON OBJECT_ID(a.TABLE_SCHEMA + '.'                                              + a.TABLE_NAME) = c.OBJECT_ID                                    AND a.COLUMN_NAME = c.NAME        LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE b ON a.TABLE_SCHEMA = b.TABLE_SCHEMA                                                           AND a.TABLE_NAME = b.TABLE_NAME                                                           AND a.COLUMN_NAME = b.COLUMN_NAME        LEFT JOIN sys.sysobjects o ON o.name = b.CONSTRAINT_NAME                                      AND o.xtype = 'PK'        LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties p ON OBJECT_ID(a.TABLE_SCHEMA + '.'                                                         + a.TABLE_NAME) = p.major_id                                               AND a.Ordinal_position = p.minor_id                                               AND p.class_desc = 'OBJECT_OR_COLUMN'        LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties p1 ON OBJECT_ID(a.TABLE_SCHEMA + '.'                                                          + a.TABLE_NAME) = p1.major_id                                                AND p1.minor_id = 0        LEFT JOIN SYS.foreign_key_columns f ON OBJECT_ID(a.TABLE_SCHEMA + '.'                                                         + a.TABLE_NAME) = f.parent_object_id                                               AND a.ORDINAL_POSITION = f.parent_column_idWHERE   a.TABLE_NAME = 'Address'-- a.TABLE_NAME IN (SELECT name FROM sys.tables)ORDER BY a.TABLE_SCHEMA,a.TABLE_NAME, a.ORDINAL_POSITION运行效果如图：有不对的地方还请大家拍砖！谢谢！